方言
方言
방언
Dialect
2014年
3期
230~241
,共null页
方言语法格标记宾格与格 中原官话混合语色彩
方言語法格標記賓格與格 中原官話混閤語色綵
방언어법격표기빈격여격 중원관화혼합어색채
grammar of Chinese dialect,Mandarin, Creole languagecase marker, accusative, dative, Zhongyuan
甘沟话的“哈”是一个多功能的语法形式，可以标记的题元角色相当广泛，包括一般受事、处置对象、役事、各种客事、接受者、受话者、受益者、替代对象、关涉对象、体验着、领有者，但是不能标记施事、受损者、来源等。“哈”可否省略受句法位置、论元的生命度、有定性、交际的明晰性等因素制约。“哈”在句法分布上有粘着程度的不同，在语法性质上不是话题标记，而是一个“后置附着词”性质的格标记。
甘溝話的“哈”是一箇多功能的語法形式，可以標記的題元角色相噹廣汎，包括一般受事、處置對象、役事、各種客事、接受者、受話者、受益者、替代對象、關涉對象、體驗著、領有者，但是不能標記施事、受損者、來源等。“哈”可否省略受句法位置、論元的生命度、有定性、交際的明晰性等因素製約。“哈”在句法分佈上有粘著程度的不同，在語法性質上不是話題標記，而是一箇“後置附著詞”性質的格標記。
감구화적“합”시일개다공능적어법형식，가이표기적제원각색상당엄범，포괄일반수사、처치대상、역사、각충객사、접수자、수화자、수익자、체대대상、관섭대상、체험착、령유자，단시불능표기시사、수손자、래원등。“합”가부성략수구법위치、론원적생명도、유정성、교제적명석성등인소제약。“합”재구법분포상유점착정도적불동，재어법성질상불시화제표기，이시일개“후치부착사”성질적격표기。
Gangou is a township located in Minhe Hui and Monguor Autonomous County,QinghaiProvince. It is a multi-ethnical area where Hui, Monguor, Tibetan, and Han peopledwell. Gangou Chinese dialect is a language with Chinese phonology and lexicon systems, butalso bare some morphosyntax characteristics of nearby Ahaic and Tibeto-Burman languages,such as the SOV word order and a set of case markers. Based on fieldwork, this study findsout that[xa]哈 in Gangou dialect is a multi-functional accusative- dative case marker assuminga wide range of thematic roles, including general patient, disposal patient, causee, recipient,addressee, benefactive, substitutive, experiencer and possessor, but excluding agent,malefactive or source, etc. Whether [xa] 哈 can be omitted depending on the syntacticposition, animacy and the definiteness of the NPs to which it is attached. [ xa] 哈 can be usedafter a topicsuggested.
