中国农史
中國農史
중국농사
Agricultural History of China
2014年
4期
56~63
,共null页
清华简《系年》 周宣王 籍田
清華簡《繫年》 週宣王 籍田
청화간《계년》 주선왕 적전
the text of Xi-Nian on the bamboo slips collected by Tsinghua University; King Xuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty; Ji-Tian;
周宣王“不籍千亩”是上古史研究中的一个有争议的问题。根据近出清华简《系年》首章的记载,《国语》“不籍千亩”指的是周宣王在废止籍田典礼后,还彻底废弃了籍田,不再对其进行耕种和管理;“籍”的本义是“畋”,又引申为“治”,有整治田地、治理民众等意;“千亩”即帝籍之名称,是西周王室专门用以生产上帝之粢盛的祭祀田;西周籍礼的根本目的在于祭祀上帝,西汉以后方才演变为重农、劝农之礼;西周籍田礼的参加者有天子、公卿、百官和庶民,并不包括诸侯,诸侯也没有属于自己的籍田。
週宣王“不籍韆畝”是上古史研究中的一箇有爭議的問題。根據近齣清華簡《繫年》首章的記載,《國語》“不籍韆畝”指的是週宣王在廢止籍田典禮後,還徹底廢棄瞭籍田,不再對其進行耕種和管理;“籍”的本義是“畋”,又引申為“治”,有整治田地、治理民衆等意;“韆畝”即帝籍之名稱,是西週王室專門用以生產上帝之粢盛的祭祀田;西週籍禮的根本目的在于祭祀上帝,西漢以後方纔縯變為重農、勸農之禮;西週籍田禮的參加者有天子、公卿、百官和庶民,併不包括諸侯,諸侯也沒有屬于自己的籍田。
주선왕“불적천무”시상고사연구중적일개유쟁의적문제。근거근출청화간《계년》수장적기재,《국어》“불적천무”지적시주선왕재폐지적전전례후,환철저폐기료적전,불재대기진행경충화관리;“적”적본의시“전”,우인신위“치”,유정치전지、치리민음등의;“천무”즉제적지명칭,시서주왕실전문용이생산상제지자성적제사전;서주적례적근본목적재우제사상제,서한이후방재연변위중농、권농지례;서주적전례적삼가자유천자、공경、백관화서민,병불포괄제후,제후야몰유속우자기적적전。
"Bu Ji Qian Mu" (不籍千亩 ) was generally considered as a great event in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, but the historical fact of it had always been ambiguous. According to the recently-published text of Xi-Nian (系年) on the bamboo slips, "Bu Ji Qian Mu" refers to not only the abolition of Ji-Li, but al- so the abandonment of Ji-Tian ( 籍田 ). The original meaning of the character Ji ( 籍 ) is Tian ( 畋 ). Qian-Mu ( 千亩 ) is not a quantifier, but the proper name of Ji-Tian, which was used to produce offerings for the god. The purpose of holding Ji-Li ( 籍礼 ) is to?worship the god. The participant of Ji-Li didn't include dukes. Dukes had no Ji-Tian of their own.