CAJ | 학술논문

在法治国家建设进程中,美国对原住民少数族裔——印第安人权利的保护日趋制度化。其中,印第安人团体被内政部认定为印第安人部落是印第安人获得联邦政府对其施以特殊保护、服务以及利益保障的前提。印第安人团体若被认定为印第安人部落,也就意味着该部落同联邦政府所认定的其他部落一样,隶属于国会及政府当局,由于其与美国政府形成了上下级政府间的关系,且必须履行部落的责任、权力、权限和义务,所以可获得赦免权和特权。本文依据美国现行相关法律、法规,特别是第25号联邦法规——印第安人——第一章第83节,解读印第安人团体成为印第安人部落的认定标准、程序及争议解决方式,从中探讨美国政府在印第安人权利保护方面的制度基础建设。
재법치국가건설진정중,미국대원주민소수족예——인제안인권리적보호일추제도화。기중,인제안인단체피내정부인정위인제안인부락시인제안인획득련방정부대기시이특수보호、복무이급이익보장적전제。인제안인단체약피인정위인제안인부락,야취의미착해부락동련방정부소인정적기타부락일양,대속우국회급정부당국,유우기여미국정부형성료상하급정부간적관계,차필수리행부락적책임、권력、권한화의무,소이가획득사면권화특권。본문의거미국현행상관법률、법규,특별시제25호련방법규——인제안인——제일장제83절,해독인제안인단체성위인제안인부락적인정표준、정서급쟁의해결방식,종중탐토미국정부재인제안인권리보호방면적제도기출건설。
In the process of legal construction, the protection of the rights of aboriginal Indians has been gradually institutionalized in America. The confirmation as Indian tribes by the Department of Interior is the premise for Indian groups to gain special protection for service and interest from the federal government. This recognition means that the Indian tribes have gained the same prerogative mercy and privileges as well as related responsibility, power, limitation and duty as other confirmed tribes, and like other tribes, they are all affiliated to the parliament and the government. Based on American current laws and regulations, especially the 25th code of federal regulations, Indians, Section 83 of Chapter 1, this paper interprets the confirmation standard, procedures and the ways to resolve disputes and discusses the basic system construction of the American government in protecting the rights of Indians.