教育研究
教育研究
교육연구
Educational Research
2014年
9期
112~120
,共null页
MOOC 在线学习 学习机制
MOOC 在線學習 學習機製
MOOC 재선학습 학습궤제
MOOC, online learning, learning mechanism
当前，大规模开放在线课程（MOOC）的实践发展先于学界关于MOOC的理论研究。通过对MOOC进行文献分析、参与观察和案例分析，研究发现，MOOC的内涵主要从课程形态、教育模式和知识创新三个维度诠释。根据MOOC的学习理论基础和教学实践形式，MOOC的教学模式分为三种类型：基于内容的MOOC、基于网络的MOOC和基于任务的MOOC。与传统课程相比，MOOC具有规模大、开放性、网络化、个性化和参与性等内在特征，拥有包括在线学习有效性、精细掌握学习、学伴交互协作和复杂系统自组织等核心学习机制。在线学习有效性机制揭示MOOC构成要素对其教学效果的效应机理，精细掌握学习机制和学伴交互协作机制阐释MOOC核心要素的学习机理和作用机制，复杂系统自组织机制解释MOOC的动态演化过程、自组织涌现现象和后现代课程特征。
噹前，大規模開放在線課程（MOOC）的實踐髮展先于學界關于MOOC的理論研究。通過對MOOC進行文獻分析、參與觀察和案例分析，研究髮現，MOOC的內涵主要從課程形態、教育模式和知識創新三箇維度詮釋。根據MOOC的學習理論基礎和教學實踐形式，MOOC的教學模式分為三種類型：基于內容的MOOC、基于網絡的MOOC和基于任務的MOOC。與傳統課程相比，MOOC具有規模大、開放性、網絡化、箇性化和參與性等內在特徵，擁有包括在線學習有效性、精細掌握學習、學伴交互協作和複雜繫統自組織等覈心學習機製。在線學習有效性機製揭示MOOC構成要素對其教學效果的效應機理，精細掌握學習機製和學伴交互協作機製闡釋MOOC覈心要素的學習機理和作用機製，複雜繫統自組織機製解釋MOOC的動態縯化過程、自組織湧現現象和後現代課程特徵。
당전，대규모개방재선과정（MOOC）적실천발전선우학계관우MOOC적이론연구。통과대MOOC진행문헌분석、삼여관찰화안례분석，연구발현，MOOC적내함주요종과정형태、교육모식화지식창신삼개유도전석。근거MOOC적학습이론기출화교학실천형식，MOOC적교학모식분위삼충류형：기우내용적MOOC、기우망락적MOOC화기우임무적MOOC。여전통과정상비，MOOC구유규모대、개방성、망락화、개성화화삼여성등내재특정，옹유포괄재선학습유효성、정세장악학습、학반교호협작화복잡계통자조직등핵심학습궤제。재선학습유효성궤제게시MOOC구성요소대기교학효과적효응궤리，정세장악학습궤제화학반교호협작궤제천석MOOC핵심요소적학습궤리화작용궤제，복잡계통자조직궤제해석MOOC적동태연화과정、자조직용현현상화후현대과정특정。
At present, the practical development of Massive Open Online Course（MOOC）is prior to the theoretical research in educational circle. Through the methods of literature, participant observation and case analysis, it is found out that the connotation of MOOC could be understood from three dimensions of course morphology, education pattern and knowledge innovation. Based on the learning theories and instruction practices, MOOC could be classified into three categories as the cMOOC, xMOOC and tMOOC. Compared with traditional curriculum, MOOC possesses five characteristics： massiveness, openness, connectivity, personalization, participation. At the same time, it has four kinds of learning mechanism including the effectiveness of online learning, exquisite mastery of learning, interaction and collaboration among partners, self-organization of complex system, etc. The effective mechanism reveals the correlation between the element of MOOC instruction and its effectiveness. The mechanism of the mastery learning and collaboration among partners explain how the core elements of MOOC work and influence learning. The mechanism of self-organization of complex system describes the dynamic evolutionary process, the phenomena of emergence of self-organization and post-modem curricular characteristics.
