中国人民大学学报
中國人民大學學報
중국인민대학학보
Journal of Renmin University of China
2014年
5期
137~146
,共null页
无意识 主体 欲望 大他者
無意識 主體 欲望 大他者
무의식 주체 욕망 대타자
the unconscious; subject; desire; Other
弗洛伊德曾从拓扑学、动力学和经济学三种视角解释无意识,但最终未能真正揭示无意识的本质。基于弗洛伊德的贡献和不足,拉康断言“无意识就是大他者的话语”。然而要真正理解拉康这句箴言,必须首先理解为何拉康说“无意识具有语言的结构”以及无意识话语具有何种结构。既然无意识是一种特殊的话语,进而我们必然要追问无意识是谁的话语,为此必须理解精神分析的一个基本发现:主体的异化与分裂。在此基础上进一步阐释拉康的另一句箴言:“人的欲望就是大他者的欲望”。然而何为大他者?就“超我就是一个命令”而言,大他者就是超我,而且作为超我的大他者本质上是“淫秽的”。
弗洛伊德曾從拓撲學、動力學和經濟學三種視角解釋無意識,但最終未能真正揭示無意識的本質。基于弗洛伊德的貢獻和不足,拉康斷言“無意識就是大他者的話語”。然而要真正理解拉康這句箴言,必鬚首先理解為何拉康說“無意識具有語言的結構”以及無意識話語具有何種結構。既然無意識是一種特殊的話語,進而我們必然要追問無意識是誰的話語,為此必鬚理解精神分析的一箇基本髮現:主體的異化與分裂。在此基礎上進一步闡釋拉康的另一句箴言:“人的欲望就是大他者的欲望”。然而何為大他者?就“超我就是一箇命令”而言,大他者就是超我,而且作為超我的大他者本質上是“淫穢的”。
불락이덕증종탁복학、동역학화경제학삼충시각해석무의식,단최종미능진정게시무의식적본질。기우불락이덕적공헌화불족,랍강단언“무의식취시대타자적화어”。연이요진정리해랍강저구잠언,필수수선리해위하랍강설“무의식구유어언적결구”이급무의식화어구유하충결구。기연무의식시일충특수적화어,진이아문필연요추문무의식시수적화어,위차필수리해정신분석적일개기본발현:주체적이화여분렬。재차기출상진일보천석랍강적령일구잠언:“인적욕망취시대타자적욕망”。연이하위대타자?취“초아취시일개명령”이언,대타자취시초아,이차작위초아적대타자본질상시“음예적”。
It must be admitted that Freud has eventually failed to reveal the essence of the unconscious though he had attempted to interpret it alternatively from the topographical, economic and dynamic points of view. It is on the basis of his contribution and beginning from his failure that Jacques Lacan asserts "the unconscious is the Other's discourse" . However, it is impossible for us to truly under- stand this dictum unless we first grasp why Lacan claims "the unconscious is structured like a lan- guage" and what this kind of structure is. Given that the unconscious is a particular discourse, we have to further ask whose discourse it is. For this reason, we find ourselves facing another fundamental dis- covery of psychoanalysis, the alienation and division of the subject, which is proved far more essential for us to understand Lacan's another dictum, namely "man's desire is the desire of the Other" . However, who is the Other? This is the last problem this paper has to overcome.