CAJ | 학술논문

震后如何确定有效的救灾路径是救灾管理部门的一项核心工作.本文综合考虑灾区路网受损以及为避免交通拥挤而实施交通管制情况,进行震后救灾路径选择,以提高救援成效,并尽量减少对非灾民的影响.为此,建立了用户均衡交通量指派条件下以救灾路径旅行时间最短和因交通管制引起的扰民程度最小为目标的多目标救灾路径选择模型,并设计了一种两阶段启发式算例进行求解.最后以Sioux Falls路网为例对模型和算法进行验证,并与NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了比较,结果表明：该算法在求解效率上与其他启发式算法相比具有显著的优势.
진후여하학정유효적구재로경시구재관리부문적일항핵심공작.본문종합고필재구로망수손이급위피면교통옹제이실시교통관제정황,진행진후구재로경선택,이제고구원성효,병진량감소대비재민적영향.위차,건립료용호균형교통량지파조건하이구재로경여행시간최단화인교통관제인기적우민정도최소위목표적다목표구재로경선택모형,병설계료일충량계단계발식산례진행구해.최후이Sioux Falls로망위례대모형화산법진행험증,병여NSGA-Ⅱ산법진행료비교,결과표명：해산법재구해효솔상여기타계발식산법상비구유현저적우세.
A massive earthquake may have serious impact on road networks in the affected area.On one hand,transportation networks have to manage traffic flows arisen from disaster relief and transportation of supplies.Due to time constraint,traffic control measures can result in a change in traffic demand and influence the choice of relief paths.On the other hand,earthquake disasters may cause damage to road systems in the affected area,which would lead to road disruption and the decline of road capacity,,as well as affect the normal functioning of road networks,thus having impact on the choice of relief paths.Therefore,determining adequate post-earthquake relief paths is the core responsibility of disaster management department.This paper considers road networks partially destroyed by earthquake disasters and traffic control measures executed to avoid traffic congestion.The post-earthquake relief routing problem is explored to improve the rescue efficiency and reduce the infiuence of earthquake on non-victims.Firstly,we analyze the characteristics of post-earthquake road networks in the affected area.These characteristics include preearthquake and post-earthquake traffic demand,changes in traffic demand under post-earthquake traffic control,etc.The following assumptions were made：（1） traffic control information is completely open and can be immediately learned by travelers; （2） information about damaged roads can be known in time; （3） traffic demand between each OD pair in pre-earthquake and postearthquake road networks is given ; and （4） according to the actual need,traffic administrative department executes traffic control measures on partial sections of road networks in the affected area,with the exception of relief vehicles.Secondly,a multi-objective optimization model for post-earthquake relief routing problem under traffic control was developed to minimize the travel time and the disturbance of traffic control to non-victims.The travel time of relief path is the sum of traverse time on the selected sections,which is calculated based on BPR function proposed by the U.S.Federal Highway Administration.The disturbance of traffic control to non-victims is measured by the degree of traveler dissatisfaction.A dissatisfaction function was developed based on the degree of traveler dissatisfaction with the traffic control period.It is assumed that the degree of dissatisfaction decreases over time because traffic control information is gradually being accepted by travelers.Next,user equilibrium traffic assignment method was employed to reassign post-earthquake traffic demand.Frank-Wolfe algorithm and all-or-nothing （AON） assignment method was introduced to assign traffic volumes over the affected road network.In addition,Floyd algorithm was taken to search for the shortest relief path.The disturbance of traffic control to non-victims is measured by the product of the average dissatisfaction with traffic control and the quotient of pre-earthquake and post-earthquake total travel time between each OD pair.A two-phase heuristic algorithm was presented to enhance the computational efficiency based on the proposed model.Finally,the feasibility and validity of the model and the algorithm were illustrated by a numerical example based on the Sioux Falls network.Sensitivity analysis was done with respect to parameters about traffic control period and deadline for delivering relief supplies.The impact of iterative precision on calculating time of Frank-Wolfe method was further analyzed.The comparison of calculating efficiency between proposed two-phase algorithm and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ （NSGA-Ⅱ） was made.The results show that the disturbance of traffic control to non-victims decreases with the increase of traffic control period.Moreover,the number of arcs needed to be controlled decreases with the extension of deadline for delivering relief supplies.The proposed two-phase heuristic algorithm has a significant advantage over NSGA Ⅱ in calculating efficiency.