中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2014年
9期
38~50
,共null页
产业集聚 DO指数 动态变化
產業集聚 DO指數 動態變化
산업집취 DO지수 동태변화
industrial agglomeration ; Duranton and Overmen（DO） index ; dynamic
针对国内产业集聚测度研究在方法、空间尺度以及行业层次选择等方面的不足．本文选择DO指数利用北京企业微观数据进行了不同空间尺度细化行业的产业集聚测度研究，并对产业集聚的动态变化进行了考察。结果表明：①40％的行业在5％的置信水平下是显著集聚的．集聚行业数量在lkm处最大．最大集聚程度发生的空间尺度则相对较大：②高技术行业最集聚．多数行业集聚范围大而短距离内集聚程度不高．低技术的劳动密集型行业最分散．分散行业中有多个为重污染行业．分散尺度过大且分散程度高：③小企业是集聚的主体，大企业是集聚的主要推动力；④相同二位数行业下的三位数行业空间分布模式类似．大类行业与下属行业的分布模式有所不同：⑤随着时间发展，2／3的行业空间分布模式稳定．不会变得更加集聚或更加分散．其余1／3可能会更加集聚或更加分散。或者行业集聚区发生移动。因此．北京政府需采取措施改变大部分行业，尤其是高科技行业短距离集聚程度偏低的现状，可通过扶持、培养大企业等来提高集聚程度，促进形成集聚程度高、特色鲜明的产业集聚区；北京面临污染企业规模小、数量较多且分散程度高的局面，为实现“宜居城市”目标，需进行污染的控制和治理。
針對國內產業集聚測度研究在方法、空間呎度以及行業層次選擇等方麵的不足．本文選擇DO指數利用北京企業微觀數據進行瞭不同空間呎度細化行業的產業集聚測度研究，併對產業集聚的動態變化進行瞭攷察。結果錶明：①40％的行業在5％的置信水平下是顯著集聚的．集聚行業數量在lkm處最大．最大集聚程度髮生的空間呎度則相對較大：②高技術行業最集聚．多數行業集聚範圍大而短距離內集聚程度不高．低技術的勞動密集型行業最分散．分散行業中有多箇為重汙染行業．分散呎度過大且分散程度高：③小企業是集聚的主體，大企業是集聚的主要推動力；④相同二位數行業下的三位數行業空間分佈模式類似．大類行業與下屬行業的分佈模式有所不同：⑤隨著時間髮展，2／3的行業空間分佈模式穩定．不會變得更加集聚或更加分散．其餘1／3可能會更加集聚或更加分散。或者行業集聚區髮生移動。因此．北京政府需採取措施改變大部分行業，尤其是高科技行業短距離集聚程度偏低的現狀，可通過扶持、培養大企業等來提高集聚程度，促進形成集聚程度高、特色鮮明的產業集聚區；北京麵臨汙染企業規模小、數量較多且分散程度高的跼麵，為實現“宜居城市”目標，需進行汙染的控製和治理。
침대국내산업집취측도연구재방법、공간척도이급행업층차선택등방면적불족．본문선택DO지수이용북경기업미관수거진행료불동공간척도세화행업적산업집취측도연구，병대산업집취적동태변화진행료고찰。결과표명：①40％적행업재5％적치신수평하시현저집취적．집취행업수량재lkm처최대．최대집취정도발생적공간척도칙상대교대：②고기술행업최집취．다수행업집취범위대이단거리내집취정도불고．저기술적노동밀집형행업최분산．분산행업중유다개위중오염행업．분산척도과대차분산정도고：③소기업시집취적주체，대기업시집취적주요추동력；④상동이위수행업하적삼위수행업공간분포모식유사．대류행업여하속행업적분포모식유소불동：⑤수착시간발전，2／3적행업공간분포모식은정．불회변득경가집취혹경가분산．기여1／3가능회경가집취혹경가분산。혹자행업집취구발생이동。인차．북경정부수채취조시개변대부분행업，우기시고과기행업단거리집취정도편저적현상，가통과부지、배양대기업등래제고집취정도，촉진형성집취정도고、특색선명적산업집취구；북경면림오염기업규모소、수량교다차분산정도고적국면，위실현“의거성시”목표，수진행오염적공제화치리。
To avoid the problems relating to the choice of methods, spatial scale and level of industries in the measurement of industrial agglomeration, we chose the DO index proposed by Duranton and Overman to conduct researches on detailed location patterns of three-digit manufacturing industries at different spatial scale, and the dynamics of industry localization. We found that （!）40% of Beijing＇s manufacturing industries can be classified as localized at a 5% confidence level, the number of localized industries is largest for a distance of lkm, however, the largest extent of localization occurs at a larger spatial scale; ②High-tech industries are among the most localized, most of the industries localize over large scales and don＇t show high localization in short distances, the low-skilled and labor-intensive industries are the most dispersed, most of them belong to the polluting industries, they show high dispersion and disperse over large distances;③The majority of establishments in the agglomerated areas are small firms, and the localization at the industry level is driven by large establishments;④Related three-digit industries within the same branch tend to follow similar patterns, however, the distribution pattern of two-digit industries and its three-digit sub-sectors is different; ⑤Two-third of the industries neither become more localized nor more dispersed over time, the location pattern is stable, the remaining third may become more localized or more dispersed, or the clusters are moving. Therefore, Beijing government should take measures to improve the degree of industrial concentration, especially for high tech industries, it can improve the degree of industrial concentration and promote the formation of industrial parks with distinctive features through the formation and the implantation of large enterprises etc., to achieve the goal of becoming a “liveable city”, government should regulate the polluting industries with a lot of small and medium-sized enterprises and high degree of dispersion at large scales.
