CAJ | 학술논문

借鉴OECD制造业分类法将制造业分为高端、中端和低端技术产业三类，利用1999—2012年数据分析发现．中国制造业结构的合理化和高度化在全国层面和区域层面均不对称。理论上。不同技术进步路径对制造业结构合理化和高度化的影响机理与作用不尽相同。运用两步稳健系统GMM进行估计发现．自主创新促进制造业结构趋于合理但不能促进其升级：外资不会自动发生技术溢出优化制造业的结构。进一步实证检验发现制造业结构优化的技术进步路径：在消化吸收外资技术基础上的自主创新能促进制造业结构的高度化与合理化．但通过利用外资引进先进技术寻求高端产业核心技术创新能力的突破，制造业结构升级才会伴随高附加值化；提高本地产业技术能力．外资才会发生技术溢出促进制造业结构升级并趋于合理．提升高端产业核心技术创新的能力才能促使外资转移先进技术，进而促进制造业结构升级并实现高附加值化；同时，加快推进市场化进程．制造业结构升级且实现中高端产业高附加值化。生产要素才能通过结构转换促使结构不断趋于合理。
차감OECD제조업분류법장제조업분위고단、중단화저단기술산업삼류，이용1999—2012년수거분석발현．중국제조업결구적합이화화고도화재전국층면화구역층면균불대칭。이론상。불동기술진보로경대제조업결구합이화화고도화적영향궤리여작용불진상동。운용량보은건계통GMM진행고계발현．자주창신촉진제조업결구추우합리단불능촉진기승급：외자불회자동발생기술일출우화제조업적결구。진일보실증검험발현제조업결구우화적기술진보로경：재소화흡수외자기술기출상적자주창신능촉진제조업결구적고도화여합이화．단통과이용외자인진선진기술심구고단산업핵심기술창신능력적돌파，제조업결구승급재회반수고부가치화；제고본지산업기술능력．외자재회발생기술일출촉진제조업결구승급병추우합리．제승고단산업핵심기술창신적능력재능촉사외자전이선진기술，진이촉진제조업결구승급병실현고부가치화；동시，가쾌추진시장화진정．제조업결구승급차실현중고단산업고부가치화。생산요소재능통과결구전환촉사결구불단추우합리。
Manufacturing industries are divided into high-technology, mid-technology and low-technology industries by OECD＇s method of manufacturing industrial classification. Statistical data shows that manufacturing rationalization and upgrading are not always consistent in the national level and regional levels from 1999 to 2012. Mechanism and influence of different path of technological progress aren＇t also consistent on the rationalization and upgrading of the structure of manufacturing industries. The paper tests theory by two-step robust system GMM. The results show that independent innovation could promote the rationalization of manufacturing structure, but couldn＇t influence on upgrading of it. FDI wouldn＇t automatically produce technology spillovers and optimize structure of manufacturing industries. The further empirical test find technology progress path for optimizing the manufacturing structure, which independent innovation on the basis of digesting and absorbing technology of FDI could promote rationalization and upgrading of manufacturing structure. High-technology industries could improve innovation ability of core technologies by inflow of advanced technology with FDI introduction, and which could promote upgrading of structure and high added value of manufacturing industries. Technology spillovers of FDI would occur when the ability of local industrial technology had improved, and which it would promote upgrading and rationalization of industrial structure. Improving innovation ability of high-technology industrial core technology could encourage transfer of advanced technology with FDI, and which would promote upgrading of structure and realize high value- added of manufacturing industries. At the same time, the marketization process need been speed up in order that manufacturing structure would tend to more reasonable by transformation of factors structure when mid-high industries had realized high added value with upgrading of manufacturing structure.