CAJ | 학술논문

草地退化严重威胁我国的生态安全。“生态奖补”机制作为实施草原新政的主要措施，能否起到恢复草原生态的作用？基于2012年锡林郭勒盟调研所得到的224份牧户问卷调查和2013年对呼伦贝尔市牧户和有关部门进行的开放式访谈，文章从补偿对象、补偿方式以及补偿标准三个方面对“生态奖补”政策在牧户层面的落实情况进行分析，并从补偿对象、补偿方式、载畜量标准以及补偿标准四个方面研究牧民对当前“生态奖补”政策的偏好。研究发现，在“生态奖补”政策的实施中存在补偿对象单一：部分地区补偿金不能按时按量发放，以及载畜量标准制定与牧民意愿不相符等，这使得“生态奖补”政策难以为牧户自觉保护草原提供有效激励。
초지퇴화엄중위협아국적생태안전。“생태장보”궤제작위실시초원신정적주요조시，능부기도회복초원생태적작용？기우2012년석림곽륵맹조연소득도적224빈목호문권조사화2013년대호륜패이시목호화유관부문진행적개방식방담，문장종보상대상、보상방식이급보상표준삼개방면대“생태장보”정책재목호층면적락실정황진행분석，병종보상대상、보상방식、재축량표준이급보상표준사개방면연구목민대당전“생태장보”정책적편호。연구발현，재“생태장보”정책적실시중존재보상대상단일：부분지구보상금불능안시안량발방，이급재축량표준제정여목민의원불상부등，저사득“생태장보”정책난이위목호자각보호초원제공유효격려。
Grassland degradation is threatening the ecological security in China. As an important measure of the Grassland New Policy, will the Ecological Premium Policy （EPP） play a big role in promoting grassland protection？ Based on a questionnaire survey among 224 herder households collected in 2012 in Xilin Gol and open interviews to herders and grass-related departments in 2013 in Hulun Buir, this study answers this question by examining the implementation of the EPP in terms of the target, pattern and standard of the payment at herd household level. Furthermore, it explores the herders＇ preferences on the EPP from the 4 aspects, namely target, pattern and standard of the payment, and the livestock-carrying standard. Main findings show that the payment target is relatively simple. It failed to fully reach the herders timely in some areas. The livestock-carrying standard regulations cannot represent herders＇ willingness. This suggests that the EPP may not be effective to provide sufficient incentive for herders＇ grassland protection behaviors.