CAJ | 학술논문

河南省是我国化肥使用总量和使用强度最大的省份，化肥面源污染问题严重。提出化肥使用环境风险指数和环境安全阈值的概念，构建化肥使用环境风险评价模型，对河南省化肥使用环境风险时空特征进行分析。研究表明：（1）河南省化肥使用环境风险指数从1989年开始大于0．5，进入低风险期，到1995年进入中等风险期（风险指数大于0．65），目前即将进入严重风险期（风险指数大于0．8）；（2）2012年河南省18个地市化肥使用平均环境风险程度为0．79，处在中等风险与严重风险的分界处，其中8个地市为中等风险，10个地市为严重风险。同时有9个地市为氮肥使用严重风险，13地市为磷肥使用严重风险，2个地市为钾肥使用严重风险；（3）化肥过度使用已经对河南省生态环境构成威胁，应采取多项措施，防治化肥污染，降低环境风险，保证农业可持续发展。
하남성시아국화비사용총량화사용강도최대적성빈，화비면원오염문제엄중。제출화비사용배경풍험지수화배경안전역치적개념，구건화비사용배경풍험평개모형，대하남성화비사용배경풍험시공특정진행분석。연구표명：（1）하남성화비사용배경풍험지수종1989년개시대우0．5，진입저풍험기，도1995년진입중등풍험기（풍험지수대우0．65），목전즉장진입엄중풍험기（풍험지수대우0．8）；（2）2012년하남성18개지시화비사용평균배경풍험정도위0．79，처재중등풍험여엄중풍험적분계처，기중8개지시위중등풍험，10개지시위엄중풍험。동시유9개지시위담비사용엄중풍험，13지시위린비사용엄중풍험，2개지시위갑비사용엄중풍험；（3）화비과도사용이경대하남성생태배경구성위협，응채취다항조시，방치화비오염，강저배경풍험，보증농업가지속발전。
Henan is the largest province in fertilizer use in China, with the serious problem of fertilizer non-point source pollution. A model of environment risk assessment is put forward by using the concepts of environmental risk index and environmental safety threshold for analyzing the Spatial-temporal features of chemical fertilization environmental risk in Henan. The results showed that：（1） Fertilization environmental risk indexes in Henan are greater than 0.5 （the end point of safety） since 1989, 0.65 （the start point of moderate risk） in 1995, with the trend to 0.8 （the start point of serious risk） at the present. （2） Environmental risk index of fertilization is 0.79 on average in Henan in 2012 at the critical point from moderate risk to serious risk. There are eight cities with moderate risk, 10 cities with serious risk. In the meanwhile nine cities are at serious risks for nitrogen fertilizer use, 13 cities at serious risks for phosphate fertilizer, two cities at serious risk for potash fertilizer. （3） Since the fertilizer use has been a threat to the ecological environment of Henan, the government should take measures to＇ control chemical fertilizer pollution, to reduce environmental risks, and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture.