CAJ | 학술논문

本研究利用第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据,从配额制的有效性问题出发,探讨组织领导团队中的女性比例与性别歧视现象之间的关系,对临界规模理论的假设,即团队里某一社会特征的人数达到一定比例将给该社会类别的境遇带来具有显著意义的改变进行了检验。研究发现,组织领导团队中的女性比例达到30%能够有效减少性别歧视现象,这种作用在政治、经济和研究领域以及体制内外组织中均存在,但有程度上的差异。此发现不仅从实证角度检验了临界规模理论,而且为在政策设计中增加领导团队中的女性比例提供了支持。
본연구이용제삼기중국부녀사회지위조사수거,종배액제적유효성문제출발,탐토조직령도단대중적녀성비례여성별기시현상지간적관계,대림계규모이론적가설,즉단대리모일사회특정적인수체도일정비례장급해사회유별적경우대래구유현저의의적개변진행료검험。연구발현,조직령도단대중적녀성비례체도30%능구유효감소성별기시현상,저충작용재정치、경제화연구영역이급체제내외조직중균존재,단유정도상적차이。차발현불부종실증각도검험료림계규모이론,이차위재정책설계중증가령도단대중적녀성비례제공료지지。
Using data from ＂ Survey on Chinese Women＇ s Social Status, Phase Ⅲ＂, this article examines the effectiveness of the quota system, and the relationship between the percentage of women in the leadership and the level of gender discrimination in an organization. Through a multivariate statistical analysis, it tests the hypothesis of the critical mass theory, that is, the situation of a certain social group within an organization would significantly improve if the percentage of the people belonging to that group exceeds a given threshold. According to the research, when the percentage of women in the leadership of an organization reaches 30%, gender discrimination would fall dramatically, with gender discrimination index significantly decreased and gender inequality in hiring, promotion, job assignment, retirement and deputy position appointment reduced. Such effects are found with varying degrees in organizations from political, economic and academic circles, and in both institutions steered by the state and those not. Findings of the research have not only built empirical grounds for the critical mass theory, but also had implications for policies that increase the percentage of women in the leadership. Further discussions of the research indicate that state-initiated gender equality ideology performs the best in the political circle, and that political organizations have stronger willingness and ability to pursue social equality, social justice and social integration than other organizations. The differences of critical mass effect in state organizations and non-state organizations serves to prove the effectiveness of state intervention in promoting gender equality. As women＇s movements in China are deeply influenced by the government, a reevaluation of this new socialist tradition is highly necessary.