CAJ | 학술논문

竞技体操日常训练和比赛中重复的落地/下法动作，致使运动员承受高频落地冲击负荷，增加了骨骼肌肉系统损伤风险。因此，亟需对落地冲击负荷机制研究进行梳理。传统对落地冲击负荷机制的实验研究备受青睐，但实验研究的控制方法及离体研究在一定程度上限制了对体操落地冲击负荷机制的深入理解，人体运动计算机仿真方法提高了对已有研究成果的理解。随着落地冲击负荷机制的理论研究的深入，实验研究获得的数据可以供理论研究使用，对冲击负荷机制的研究正在整合理论研究及实验研究的数据，使得离体研究的局限性逐步降低。本研究对近年来体操落地冲击负荷机制的两种常用方法-实验研究和建模仿真研究进行综述，加深对冲击负荷机制的理解，为选择合适的生物力学方法研究体操落地冲击负荷与损伤风险提供理论依据，并为竞技体操运动损伤评估提供参考。
경기체조일상훈련화비새중중복적락지/하법동작，치사운동원승수고빈락지충격부하，증가료골격기육계통손상풍험。인차，극수대락지충격부하궤제연구진행소리。전통대락지충격부하궤제적실험연구비수청래，단실험연구적공제방법급리체연구재일정정도상한제료대체조락지충격부하궤제적심입리해，인체운동계산궤방진방법제고료대이유연구성과적리해。수착락지충격부하궤제적이론연구적심입，실험연구획득적수거가이공이론연구사용，대충격부하궤제적연구정재정합이론연구급실험연구적수거，사득리체연구적국한성축보강저。본연구대근년래체조락지충격부하궤제적량충상용방법-실험연구화건모방진연구진행종술，가심대충격부하궤제적리해，위선택합괄적생물역학방법연구체조락지충격부하여손상풍험제공이론의거，병위경기체조운동손상평고제공삼고。
Gymnasts are exposed to a high incidence of impact load due to the execution of repeated dismount per-formances in daily exercise and competition in gymnastics, which increased the potential injuries of musculoskeletal system. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the impact load mechanisms during landing. While laboratory-based studies have traditionally been favored, the difficulty in controlling and isolating mechanisms of interest has partially restricted the further understanding of the impact load mechanisms in gymnastic-style landings. An increase in the use of theoretical approaches, especially the development of computer simulation of human movement, has been evident over the past two decades. Both laboratory-based and theoretical research has successfully enhanced the insight into impact load mechanisms. Theoretical studies have advanced knowledge in impact landing mechanics, but some data from laboratory-based researches can be input into theoretical model. This review examines gymnastic-style impact load mechanisms during landing using biomechanical approaches which include laboratory-based research and model-simulation research. It is hoped to deepen the understanding of the impact load mechanisms, to provide scientific evidence for selecting the appropriate biomechanical approach to examine the relation between gymnastic-style impact load and potential injuries, and to provide a reference for assessment about potential injuries in gymnastics.