CAJ | 학술논문

为提高人们对健康锻炼行为的预测和干预效果,基于健康行动过程取向（HAPA）与计划行为理论（TPB）整合模型为测评基础,通过对中国城市青少年（n=152名）、大学生（n=204名）及城市健康成年人（n=97名）不同年龄段群体（后称不同群体）进行问卷调查与数据分析。结果表明,1）HAPA与TPB整合模型更适合对健康成年人锻炼行为的预测与干预,理论模型更接近真阶段模型（非连续性模式百分比分别为35%）,而大学生和青少年群体显得偏低;2）行为意向、行为计划和锻炼行为之间的作用路径因群体的不同而不同,中国健康成年人群体中三者的路径系数呈显著性（Y行为意向与行为计划=0.47,P〈0.05;Y行为计划与锻炼行为=0.48,P〈0.05）,而大学生和青少年群体则表现不一;3）行为意向的前因变量在不同群体中表现极不一致,在青少年和大学生群体中存在对锻炼行为的显著直接路径,而非以往认为的间接路径。同时,研究证实,父亲的锻炼行为对青少年群体有着更为显著的作用路径（β=0.47,P〈0.05）。该整合模型更适合对中国成年人健康锻炼行为的阶段干预和预测,对青少年群体和大学生群体的干预和预测仅得到部分支持,许多前因变量存在对锻炼行为显著的直接路径（如社会支持,主观规范等）,而未能呈现阶段性特征,根据不同年龄群体的变量特点进行干预策略实施才能更加提高干预的效果。
위제고인문대건강단련행위적예측화간예효과,기우건강행동과정취향（HAPA）여계화행위이론（TPB）정합모형위측평기출,통과대중국성시청소년（n=152명）、대학생（n=204명）급성시건강성년인（n=97명）불동년령단군체（후칭불동군체）진행문권조사여수거분석。결과표명,1）HAPA여TPB정합모형경괄합대건강성년인단련행위적예측여간예,이론모형경접근진계단모형（비련속성모식백분비분별위35%）,이대학생화청소년군체현득편저;2）행위의향、행위계화화단련행위지간적작용로경인군체적불동이불동,중국건강성년인군체중삼자적로경계수정현저성（Y행위의향여행위계화=0.47,P〈0.05;Y행위계화여단련행위=0.48,P〈0.05）,이대학생화청소년군체칙표현불일;3）행위의향적전인변량재불동군체중표현겁불일치,재청소년화대학생군체중존재대단련행위적현저직접로경,이비이왕인위적간접로경。동시,연구증실,부친적단련행위대청소년군체유착경위현저적작용로경（β=0.47,P〈0.05）。해정합모형경괄합대중국성년인건강단련행위적계단간예화예측,대청소년군체화대학생군체적간예화예측부득도부분지지,허다전인변량존재대단련행위현저적직접로경（여사회지지,주관규범등）,이미능정현계단성특정,근거불동년령군체적변량특점진행간예책략실시재능경가제고간예적효과。
Based on the integrated model of HAPA and TPB as well as on questionnaire and data analysis,this paper tries to make a study of the city young adults（n=152）,college students（n=204）and healthy city adults（n=97）in China,aiming at promoting the prediction and the effect of interference on their exercises.The result shows that 1）the integrated model of HAPA and TPB caters more to the prediction and interference of healthy adults＇ exercises,with the theoretical model closer to the practical model（with 35% of the non-successive model respectively）,while college students and young adults take a lower percentage.2）The interactions among action intention,action plan and exercises vary in accordance to the different groups of people.The route coefficient of the three factors among Chinese healthy adults is conspicuous（Y=0.47,P〈0.05;Y=0.48,P〈0.05）,while college students and young adults show a rather different state.3）The cause variables of action intention vary greatly among different groups of people,with young adults and college students showing more direct route rather than indirect route in terms of exercises.At the same time,the study shows that his father＇s exercises produce a more conspicuous impact on the young adult（β=0.47,P〈0.05）.The study reaches the conclusion that this model suits better the interference and prediction of the different stages of exercises on the part of Chinese healthy adults;it fits only a small part of the interference and prediction of young adults and college students,and many cause variables prepare more conspicuously direct routes（such as social support,subjective regulation,etc.）rather than features of a phase.It asserts that the interference strategies should be implemented according to the features of different variables among the different groups of people so that a better effect can be achieved.