CAJ | 학술논문

发展中国家要素过度投入和无效配置现象普遍，前沿研究关注技术进步和要素配置对经济效率的影响，却并未重视非完全市场经济条件下要素错配可能会引发效率损失。文章以产业层面的劳动力错配为视角，利用1978—2010年数据考察我国分行业劳动力配置的扭曲程度并测算其对全要素生产率的影响。结果发现：无论是传统农业还是现代金融业，所有行业均出现要素错配现象且不同行业劳动力错配分化趋势明显，抑制了全要素生产率的增长，使其表现出多头“w”形变化趋势，并平均使全要素生产率降低20％左右。当然，这主要是劳动力有偏性配置、劳动报酬不平等和市场进入障碍的影响，使劳动力无法自由流动而引发不均衡配置所致。
발전중국가요소과도투입화무효배치현상보편，전연연구관주기술진보화요소배치대경제효솔적영향，각병미중시비완전시장경제조건하요소착배가능회인발효솔손실。문장이산업층면적노동력착배위시각，이용1978—2010년수거고찰아국분행업노동력배치적뉴곡정도병측산기대전요소생산솔적영향。결과발현：무론시전통농업환시현대금융업，소유행업균출현요소착배현상차불동행업노동력착배분화추세명현，억제료전요소생산솔적증장，사기표현출다두“w”형변화추세，병평균사전요소생산솔강저20％좌우。당연，저주요시노동력유편성배치、노동보수불평등화시장진입장애적영향，사노동력무법자유류동이인발불균형배치소치。
Excessive input and invalid allocation of factors are the common phenomenon in de- veloping countries. Frontier study focuses on the effects of technological progress and factor allo- cation on economic efficiency, but pays no attention to efficiency losses resulting from factor mis- match in an incomplete market economy. From the perspective of labor mismatch at industrial level, this paper studies the distortion of labor allocation in sub-sectors by the data from 1978 to 2010 and measures its effect on total factor productivity. It arrives at the following results： whether traditional agricultural industry or modern financial industry, there is a mismatch and the overall trend is clearly deteriorating in all industries, restricting the increase in total factor productivity and leading to W-shaped change trend of TFP and a reduction in TFP by about 20% on the average. of course, reasons mainly lie in unbalanced allocation resulting from un-free labor flow owing to the effects of biased labor allocation, payment gap and barriers to market entry.