考古
攷古
고고
Archaeology
2014年
10期
61~67
,共null页
透物见人 考古推理 中程理论 多学科合作
透物見人 攷古推理 中程理論 多學科閤作
투물견인 고고추리 중정이론 다학과합작
＂Seeing Humans through Materials （studying human behaviors by means of studying theartifacts）＂ Archaeological Inference Middle-range Theories Multi-disciplinaryCooperation
按照中国考古学的定义，考古学属于人文科学，是历史科学的重要组成部分，任务是根据古代人类通过各种活动留下的实物，研究人类古代社会的历史。定义指向非常明晰，考古学要研究人。1962年美国考古学家路易斯·宾福德发表《作为人类学的考古学》，指出考古学如果不是人类学，就什么都不是，考古学研究要回答人类演化、行为变迁、文化发展等重要问题。
按照中國攷古學的定義，攷古學屬于人文科學，是歷史科學的重要組成部分，任務是根據古代人類通過各種活動留下的實物，研究人類古代社會的歷史。定義指嚮非常明晰，攷古學要研究人。1962年美國攷古學傢路易斯·賓福德髮錶《作為人類學的攷古學》，指齣攷古學如果不是人類學，就什麽都不是，攷古學研究要迴答人類縯化、行為變遷、文化髮展等重要問題。
안조중국고고학적정의，고고학속우인문과학，시역사과학적중요조성부분，임무시근거고대인류통과각충활동류하적실물，연구인류고대사회적역사。정의지향비상명석，고고학요연구인。1962년미국고고학가로역사·빈복덕발표《작위인류학적고고학》，지출고고학여과불시인류학，취십요도불시，고고학연구요회답인류연화、행위변천、문화발전등중요문제。
The archaeological researches of ＂seeing humans through materials＂ include at least five inference sections： the identification of the characteristics ot the archaeological matermls, me researcnes on me processes of their formations, the inferences of the human behaviors through the studies of the archaeological materials, the researches on the social and cultural behavior theories, and the introspection on the philosophical level. The difficulties of the researches of ＂seeing humans through materials＂ are mainly the missing of the inference sections, the monotonous research approaches and the lack of the theoretical studies. The strategies to solve these problems include the libration of the thinking, the studying and developing of the archaeological theories, the deepening of the multi-disciplinary cooperation, the strengthening of the middle-range theories and the perfecting of the theoretical construction of the archaeological inference.
