史学集刊
史學集刊
사학집간
Collected Papers of History Studies
2014年
6期
118~124
,共null页
美国 门户开放 中东石油战略
美國 門戶開放 中東石油戰略
미국 문호개방 중동석유전략
U.S. ; Open -door policy; the Middle East Oil Strategy
20世纪初美国已经跃居世界头号工业强国地位,随着综合国力的不断提高,在对外政策上提出了门户开放政策。该政策的初衷虽然主要是分割列强在华利益,但很快就发展成为美国对外政策的全方位指针,当然也包括其对外石油政策。为了打破英国对中东石油的垄断,美国打着“门户开放”的旗号,先是鼓励本国石油企业积极夺取海外石油,进而又确立了政府主导的“美国对外石油战略”,最终在20世纪50年代夺得了中东石油利益的主导权,为战后遏制苏联、控制欧洲经济命脉、统治世界奠定了基础。
20世紀初美國已經躍居世界頭號工業彊國地位,隨著綜閤國力的不斷提高,在對外政策上提齣瞭門戶開放政策。該政策的初衷雖然主要是分割列彊在華利益,但很快就髮展成為美國對外政策的全方位指針,噹然也包括其對外石油政策。為瞭打破英國對中東石油的壟斷,美國打著“門戶開放”的旂號,先是鼓勵本國石油企業積極奪取海外石油,進而又確立瞭政府主導的“美國對外石油戰略”,最終在20世紀50年代奪得瞭中東石油利益的主導權,為戰後遏製囌聯、控製歐洲經濟命脈、統治世界奠定瞭基礎。
20세기초미국이경약거세계두호공업강국지위,수착종합국력적불단제고,재대외정책상제출료문호개방정책。해정책적초충수연주요시분할렬강재화이익,단흔쾌취발전성위미국대외정책적전방위지침,당연야포괄기대외석유정책。위료타파영국대중동석유적롱단,미국타착“문호개방”적기호,선시고려본국석유기업적겁탈취해외석유,진이우학립료정부주도적“미국대외석유전략”,최종재20세기50년대탈득료중동석유이익적주도권,위전후알제소련、공제구주경제명맥、통치세계전정료기출。
At the beginning of 20th century, the U. S. became the first -rate industrial power in the world. With the enhancement of its comprehensive national power, the U. S. put forward Open - door policy whose original purpose is to gain and share benefit in China with other great powers. But this policy soon developed into the general gnideline of American foreign policy which included its foreign oil policy. In order to break British monopoly on Middle East oil in 1950s, the U. S. encouraged domestic oil companies to capture overseas oil, established its foreign oil strategy and finally took the dominance of the Middle East oil in 1950s, thus laying the foundation for containing USSR and controlling the European economy.
