CAJ | 학술논문

印度是世界上第一个在全国范围推行家庭计划的国家，也是世界上少数几个具有清晰人口政策的国家之一。从立国之初设计推动家庭计划政策到2000年最终形成清晰的国家人口政策，印度国家人口政策的历史演进大致经历了六个阶段。在61年的家庭计划实践与探索中，殖民因素与马尔萨斯主义、地域差异和城乡分割、土地制度与土地关系、宗教制度与传统文化、识字率及受教育机会、外国政府和国际组织援助、政府结构和政治斗争对人口政策的实施与走向产生了深远影响。尽管印度政府在不同发展阶段所期望的人口控制目标大都没有实现，但印度家庭计划为人类正确认识人口的生产和再生产规律做出了先驱性的贡献。印度的经验和教训说明，一国人口政策的制定应充分认识人口的社会性和历史性，人口政策的目标取向应更全面地关注人口、社会与经济的可持续发展。
인도시세계상제일개재전국범위추행가정계화적국가，야시세계상소수궤개구유청석인구정책적국가지일。종입국지초설계추동가정계화정책도2000년최종형성청석적국가인구정책，인도국가인구정책적역사연진대치경력료륙개계단。재61년적가정계화실천여탐색중，식민인소여마이살사주의、지역차이화성향분할、토지제도여토지관계、종교제도여전통문화、식자솔급수교육궤회、외국정부화국제조직원조、정부결구화정치두쟁대인구정책적실시여주향산생료심원영향。진관인도정부재불동발전계단소기망적인구공제목표대도몰유실현，단인도가정계화위인류정학인식인구적생산화재생산규률주출료선구성적공헌。인도적경험화교훈설명，일국인구정책적제정응충분인식인구적사회성화역사성，인구정책적목표취향응경전면지관주인구、사회여경제적가지속발전。
India is the first country in the world which has been pushing its nationwide family planning, and also few of the countries which has a clear population policy. From the beginning of its statehood designed to promote family planning policy to 2000 eventually form its clear national population policy, the historical evolution of India＇ s National Population Policy has gone was made of six stages. For nearly 60 years in fami- ly planning practice and exploration, colonization factors and Mahhusianism, regional differences and ur- ban-rural split, land system and land relations, religious institutions and traditional culture, literacy rates and educational opportunities, foreign governments and international organizations aid, government struc- tures and political struggle, all these profoundly imposed on the implementation of population policies and its development trend. Although it＇ s expected population targets at different stages mostly not achieved, but the Indian family planning played an important role for correct understanding the human population produc- tion and reproduction law. India＇s experience and lessons from its national population policies illuminate that a country＇ s population policy setting should be fully recognize the sociality and historical of popula- tion, population policy goal orientation should be pay more comprehensive attention to demographic, social and economic sustainable development.