CAJ | 학술논문

已知肥大细胞作为免疫细胞在过敏反应和炎性疾病中发挥重要作用。肥大细胞在中枢亦有表达,但对其作用了解不足。新近的研究发现中枢肥大细胞在脑功能和行为调节中发挥重要的内源性平衡作用。一方面,中枢肥大细胞在维持相关脑区发育,正常神经活动,以及动机,情绪和认知等多种行为中发挥保护性作用,各种应激条件诱导的中枢肥大细胞表达和活动改变参与脑和行为的适应性反应过程。另一方面,中枢肥大细胞过度激活或者过度抑制都可导致脑功能和行为异常,并参与某些免疫相关心身疾病的病理过程。体外神经解剖学和功能学研究证据提示中枢肥大细胞与神经系统间存在结构性和功能性相互作用网络。肥大细胞和神经组织间通过形成类似突触的结构性联系直接影响相邻细胞的活动。肥大细胞还可以通过脱颗粒释放多种生物活性介质调节神经活动,同时表达多种受体接受脑内免疫性和神经性分子调节。但是目前对于中枢肥大细胞-神经系统相互作用的认识主要基于体外研究,其在脑内相互作用方式及其与特定脑区功能和行为表型的关系所知甚少,开展相关研究可以为认识脑与行为的神经免疫调节机制提供新的视角。
이지비대세포작위면역세포재과민반응화염성질병중발휘중요작용。비대세포재중추역유표체,단대기작용료해불족。신근적연구발현중추비대세포재뇌공능화행위조절중발휘중요적내원성평형작용。일방면,중추비대세포재유지상관뇌구발육,정상신경활동,이급동궤,정서화인지등다충행위중발휘보호성작용,각충응격조건유도적중추비대세포표체화활동개변삼여뇌화행위적괄응성반응과정。령일방면,중추비대세포과도격활혹자과도억제도가도치뇌공능화행위이상,병삼여모사면역상관심신질병적병리과정。체외신경해부학화공능학연구증거제시중추비대세포여신경계통간존재결구성화공능성상호작용망락。비대세포화신경조직간통과형성유사돌촉적결구성련계직접영향상린세포적활동。비대세포환가이통과탈과립석방다충생물활성개질조절신경활동,동시표체다충수체접수뇌내면역성화신경성분자조절。단시목전대우중추비대세포-신경계통상호작용적인식주요기우체외연구,기재뇌내상호작용방식급기여특정뇌구공능화행위표형적관계소지심소,개전상관연구가이위인식뇌여행위적신경면역조절궤제제공신적시각。
Mast cells （MCs） are well studied for their roles in allergic and inflammatory disorders. MCs are also identified in the central nervous system （CNS）, but have not been examined much. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that central MCs can modulate brain function and behavior in an endogenous homeostatic way. On the one hand, MCs exert protective effects on the development of related brain regions, the maintenance of neuronal activity, and various behaviors like motivation behavior, emotionality and cognition. The changes in the number and activity of central MCs under stressful conditions have relations with different limbs of stress response of brain and behavior. On the other hand, the hypo-activity or hyper-activity of MCs in immunity-related diseases or MCs transgenic animals both promote deleterious outcomes in brain function and behavior, which may be involved in the pathological process of some neuroimmune disorders. Anatomical and functional studies in vitro indicate that there exist bidirectional interactions between MCs and neural cells, including neurons and glial cells. Firstly, MCs and nerves are apposed with spatial gaps of 20 nm or less, an intimate interaction resembling synaptic junctions. Secondly, MCs and nerves also share common activating signals and receptors. On the one hand, MCs contain a variety of biologically active substances, which regulate the activity of the surrounding brain tissues when released through degranulation upon mast cell activation. On the other hand, there exist different kinds of receptors on mast cell membrane, through which MCs can be affected by neurological and immune signaling molecules in the brain. However, the current findings about the crosstalk between mast cell and the CNS are mainly based on studies in vitro. Until now, we know little about how bidirectional communication between mast cell and the CNS regulate brain and behavior in vivo, and its relationship with pathological processes in some immune related psychosomatic diseases. Further studies are needed to elucidate the neurobiology of brain mast cell, which might open new perspectives for the development of therapeutic targets in some neuropsychological diseases.