CAJ | 학술논문

目的：建立下肢肌肉功能模型及下肢骨骼肌肉系统模型，量化快速跑时下肢双关节肌长度速度变化及应力变化，并进一步量化单位面积功率及做功总量，从生物力学视角分析短跑运动员下肢双关节肌做功特性及拉伤风险。方法：采集优秀短跑运动员高速跑时运动学和动力学数据，建立下肢神经肌肉骨骼模型和下肢肌肉功能模型，进行下肢关节运动学和动力学分析，并计算受试下肢肌肉功能参数变化，结合最优化算法量化单块肌肉应力变化，进而分析单块肌肉单位面积功率和做功总量。结果与结论：双关节肌应力峰值、长度峰值、收缩速度峰值和做负功单位面积功率峰值均显著高于其他下肢单关节肌；腓肠肌在支撑前期被拉长的情况下对抗较大外负荷（高应力值）离心收缩，且出现做负功的单位面积功率峰值，拉伤风险极高；腘绳肌在摆动末期和支撑前期处于较大程度拉伸且应力值高，在摆动中期的屈髋伸膝阶段快速做负功（出现单位面积功率峰值），均易被拉伤；股四头肌的拉伤时相为摆动前期的伸髋屈膝阶段，股四头肌在此阶段一直做负功且出现做负功的单位面积功率峰值；双关节肌在一个完整步态中所做负功总和（负功积累）显著高于其他单关节肌。此外，双关节肌在步态某些阶段，同时对两个关节分别做负功和正功。本研究通过单块肌肉力学负荷相关指标为分析下肢双关节肌肉在快速跑时拉伤风险提供了生物力学依据。
목적：건립하지기육공능모형급하지골격기육계통모형，양화쾌속포시하지쌍관절기장도속도변화급응력변화，병진일보양화단위면적공솔급주공총량，종생물역학시각분석단포운동원하지쌍관절기주공특성급랍상풍험。방법：채집우수단포운동원고속포시운동학화동역학수거，건립하지신경기육골격모형화하지기육공능모형，진행하지관절운동학화동역학분석，병계산수시하지기육공능삼수변화，결합최우화산법양화단괴기육응력변화，진이분석단괴기육단위면적공솔화주공총량。결과여결론：쌍관절기응력봉치、장도봉치、수축속도봉치화주부공단위면적공솔봉치균현저고우기타하지단관절기；비장기재지탱전기피랍장적정황하대항교대외부하（고응력치）리심수축，차출현주부공적단위면적공솔봉치，랍상풍험겁고；객승기재파동말기화지탱전기처우교대정도랍신차응력치고，재파동중기적굴관신슬계단쾌속주부공（출현단위면적공솔봉치），균역피랍상；고사두기적랍상시상위파동전기적신관굴슬계단，고사두기재차계단일직주부공차출현주부공적단위면적공솔봉치；쌍관절기재일개완정보태중소주부공총화（부공적루）현저고우기타단관절기。차외，쌍관절기재보태모사계단，동시대량개관절분별주부공화정공。본연구통과단괴기육역학부하상관지표위분석하지쌍관절기육재쾌속포시랍상풍험제공료생물역학의거。
Objective ：The aim of this study was to establish models regarding the muscle func-tions and musculoskeletal system in lower extremity ,quantify the changes in muscle length , contraction velocity ,muscle stress ,muscle power ,and total work of the bi-articular muscles during sprinting and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of bi-articular muscle work and strain risks .Methods ：the kinematic and kinetic data from elite sprinters were collected .Two models of the muscle functions and musculoskeletal system in lower extremity were built to calculate the changes in the parameters of muscle function in lower extremity .Furthermore ,the muscle stress ,the power ,and the total amount of work done per unit area of a single muscle were also examined combined with the quantification via optimization algorithm .Results and Conclusion ：the peak values of muscle stress ,muscle length ,contraction velocity ,and negative muscle power per unit area in bi-articular muscles were significantly greater than other mono-articular muscles .During the early swing of the stride cycle ,the gastrocnemius were eccentric contracted to counteract the loads from external forces ,and thus reached a maximal negative power .These results indicated that the gastrocnemius were susceptible to injury during the ear-ly stance .For the hamstrings ,muscle length and muscle stress were higher during the late swing and early stance phases .Besides ,the hamstrings performed quick negative work and pro-duced a maximal power during mid-swing .Hence ,these periods were identified as the potential phases for hamstring muscle strain injury .The quadriceps performed much negative work and reached a maximal power during the early swing of the stride cycle ,whereas the quadriceps were at a high risk of injury in this period of the gait .The negative work done in bi-articular muscles was significantly higher than other mono-articular muscles during a full gait circle . Additionally ,during certain phases of gait ,the positive and negative work were simultaneously done with bi-articular muscles on two separated joints .This study provided the biomechanical basis for the strain risk of bi-articular muscle during sprinting through a series of related indi-cators of the mechanical load on single muscle .