中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
China Sport Science and Technology
2014年
6期
53~58
,共null页
李旭鸿 郝卫亚 吴成亮 肖晓飞
李旭鴻 郝衛亞 吳成亮 肖曉飛
리욱홍 학위아 오성량 초효비
多体动力学模型 体操运动员 计算机仿真
多體動力學模型 體操運動員 計算機倣真
다체동역학모형 체조운동원 계산궤방진
multi-body dynamic model; gymnast; computer simulation
基于LifeMod建立体操运动员个性化人体模型和跳桌,其中,人体模型包括19个环节和50个自由度。通过仿真和实际运动之间的运动学和动力学参数比较,完成体操运动员-跳桌系统模型的可行性验证,随后量化推手过程人体上肢承受的内、外冲击负荷,并对跳桌的力学特性展开仿真研究。结果表明,基于LifeMod建立的人-器械系统模型具有较好的重复性和可靠性,优秀女子体操运动员在完成冢原直体后空翻转体720°的技术动作时,左、右手受到的撑马反作用力峰值分别为1.37BW和1.40BW,且推手过程中上肢的腕、肘和肩关节反作用力峰值依次减小,同时肩关节左侧的屈力矩和右侧的伸力矩起主导作用。无论跳桌的刚度如何变化,推手过程左侧肘关节到达关节反作用力峰值的时间最短且关节负载率最大。另外,增大跳桌的阻尼系数虽能减小外载负荷,却导致左侧上肢的内载负荷明显增大。
基于LifeMod建立體操運動員箇性化人體模型和跳桌,其中,人體模型包括19箇環節和50箇自由度。通過倣真和實際運動之間的運動學和動力學參數比較,完成體操運動員-跳桌繫統模型的可行性驗證,隨後量化推手過程人體上肢承受的內、外遲擊負荷,併對跳桌的力學特性展開倣真研究。結果錶明,基于LifeMod建立的人-器械繫統模型具有較好的重複性和可靠性,優秀女子體操運動員在完成冢原直體後空翻轉體720°的技術動作時,左、右手受到的撐馬反作用力峰值分彆為1.37BW和1.40BW,且推手過程中上肢的腕、肘和肩關節反作用力峰值依次減小,同時肩關節左側的屈力矩和右側的伸力矩起主導作用。無論跳桌的剛度如何變化,推手過程左側肘關節到達關節反作用力峰值的時間最短且關節負載率最大。另外,增大跳桌的阻尼繫數雖能減小外載負荷,卻導緻左側上肢的內載負荷明顯增大。
기우LifeMod건입체조운동원개성화인체모형화도탁,기중,인체모형포괄19개배절화50개자유도。통과방진화실제운동지간적운동학화동역학삼수비교,완성체조운동원-도탁계통모형적가행성험증,수후양화추수과정인체상지승수적내、외충격부하,병대도탁적역학특성전개방진연구。결과표명,기우LifeMod건립적인-기계계통모형구유교호적중복성화가고성,우수녀자체조운동원재완성총원직체후공번전체720°적기술동작시,좌、우수수도적탱마반작용력봉치분별위1.37BW화1.40BW,차추수과정중상지적완、주화견관절반작용력봉치의차감소,동시견관절좌측적굴력구화우측적신력구기주도작용。무론도탁적강도여하변화,추수과정좌측주관절도체관절반작용력봉치적시간최단차관절부재솔최대。령외,증대도탁적조니계수수능감소외재부하,각도치좌측상지적내재부하명현증대。
A subject-specific model with 19 segments and 50 DOF of a gymnast,and of gymnastic vault table was developed based on LifeMod in this study.To verify the reliability of the model,kinematic and kinetic data between actual performance and the simulation were compared.Then computer simulation was also performed to quantify the internal and external loads in upper limbs during table push-off phase,and further to investigate the effects of mechanical characteristics of vault table on loads upon the upper limbs.The results indicated that the system model was valid.Simulation of a vault routine,Tsukahara Stretched with 2/1Turn（720°）off performed by an elite female gymnast,showed that the peak table reaction force（TRF）in the left and right hand were about 1.37 BW and 1.40 BW.During the table contact phase,the peak joint reaction force（JRF）in wrist,elbow and shoulder were reduced gradually,and the torque of shoulder flex played dominant role in left limb and that of shoulder extend did the same in right limb.During the table contact phase,the time to reach the peak JRF in left elbow was always the shortest and the loading rate was the greatest,no matter what change of the table stiffness.Meanwhile,increasing table damping would reduce external load,but it will cause obvious increment of internal load in the left arm.
