CAJ | 학술논문

本文考察了微观企业进出口贸易的职工工资分配效应。研究结果表明,企业进出口贸易对不同属性职工的收入分配具有非对称性,出口对临时工和农民工实际工资增长的贡献明显高于正式工,而进口对正式工实际工资增长的贡献也显著高于临时工和农民工,并且这一结论在控制了企业生产能力、经营年限、地理位置、所有制结构等因素,以及样本配对和内生性问题的再检验结果中均较为稳健,说明我国企业在国际化发展过程中,单纯强调出口或进口都会产生劳动力内部的收入分配差距问题。尽管对外贸易在我国经济发展和提高劳动力实际报酬等方面发挥了重要作用,但本文微观数据的经验证据表明,企业的进出口贸易不可能协调所有职工的利益分配,调整收入差距的再分配政策应该关注这一问题。
본문고찰료미관기업진출구무역적직공공자분배효응。연구결과표명,기업진출구무역대불동속성직공적수입분배구유비대칭성,출구대림시공화농민공실제공자증장적공헌명현고우정식공,이진구대정식공실제공자증장적공헌야현저고우림시공화농민공,병차저일결론재공제료기업생산능력、경영년한、지리위치、소유제결구등인소,이급양본배대화내생성문제적재검험결과중균교위은건,설명아국기업재국제화발전과정중,단순강조출구혹진구도회산생노동력내부적수입분배차거문제。진관대외무역재아국경제발전화제고노동력실제보수등방면발휘료중요작용,단본문미관수거적경험증거표명,기업적진출구무역불가능협조소유직공적이익분배,조정수입차거적재분배정책응해관주저일문제。
This paper analyzes how firms＇ foreign trade affects labors wage. Using China＇ s manufacturing firm - level data from World Bank, we find that firm＇ s trade has asymmetric income distribution impacts on different labors. Export benefited more on temporary and peasant workers, while import brougt more profits to permanent labors. After controlling utilized production capacity, established time, geographic location, ownership and matching methods, the above results still hold. When China＇ s firms participated in international trade, our conclusions suggest that only export or only import will generate wage gaps among different workers. Despite the fact that trade plays an important role in China＇ s economic development, we still suggest that government should implement redistribution policy to adjust workers＇ income disparity, because the firms＇ trade could not narrow this income gap.