CAJ | 학술논문

董仲舒借鉴了先秦诸家的“自然天论”思想，并吸收了殷周时期神秘的“天命”理论，而且综合了秦汉之际人们所获得的自然知识，以解决西汉社会的政治、经济问题为出发点，形成了独具特色的“天”的哲学。“天”在董仲舒的哲学体系中占有极为重要的地位，其既统摄董仲舒的“天人”思想学说，又贯穿董仲舒思想的始末。在董仲舒“天”的哲学理论中，为了解决儒学在西汉发展时所遇到的，如何将先秦儒家的德治理想与专制体制相结合的问题，“天”被赋予了多层含义，但最为重要的是董仲舒对天赋予了儒家伦理道德的成分，并以“仁”作为判断是非对错的标准，君主被要求规范自己的言行、取法天的仁德之政。
동중서차감료선진제가적“자연천론”사상，병흡수료은주시기신비적“천명”이론，이차종합료진한지제인문소획득적자연지식，이해결서한사회적정치、경제문제위출발점，형성료독구특색적“천”적철학。“천”재동중서적철학체계중점유겁위중요적지위，기기통섭동중서적“천인”사상학설，우관천동중서사상적시말。재동중서“천”적철학이론중，위료해결유학재서한발전시소우도적，여하장선진유가적덕치이상여전제체제상결합적문제，“천”피부여료다층함의，단최위중요적시동중서대천부여료유가윤리도덕적성분，병이“인”작위판단시비대착적표준，군주피요구규범자기적언행、취법천적인덕지정。
In order to solve the political and ecomomic problems in Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu borrowed the thought of “natural heaven” from all the schools during Pre-qin period, absorbed the mysterious theory of “God’s will” during Yin and Zhou Dynasties, synthesized the natural knowledge acquired by the people who lived in Qin and Han Dynasties to form the unique philosophy of “heaven”. “Heaven”, which not only governs Dong Zhongshu’s theory of “heaven and human” but also runs through his thoughts, possesses extremely important position in his philosophical system. In his philosophical theory, in order to solve the problem of how to combine the Confucian thought of ruling by morality in Pre-qin period with centralized system that Confucianists came up against in the development of Western Han Dynasty, “heaven” is given many connotations, among which, the most important is that Dong Zhongshu gave “heaven” Confucian ethic morality and held that benevolence was the standard to judge what was right and what was wrong., that the monarch was required to model their words and deeds and adopt the policy of benevolence according to the natural law.