CAJ | 학술논문

＂一体感＂是运动员长期训练与比赛形成的专项心理能力,是保障运动员发挥最佳竞技状态的基础。赛艇运动要求运动员在划行过程中对人、艇、桨、水具有良好的协调和控制能力。在赛艇日常训练和比赛中,运动员多使用＂人艇合一＂的感觉来描述对自身状态、动作技术和艇、桨的良好控制与清晰的认知,并对其自身竞技水平的发挥具有至关重要的作用。为了探讨赛艇运动员＂人—艇—桨一体感＂的结构特点,运用扎根理论,对来自湖北和广东省赛艇运动队的24名赛艇运动员与6名教练员进行半结构式访谈,通过对访谈结果进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,得出赛艇运动员＂人—艇—桨一体感＂的结构包括：感知控制艇身能力（艇速感、艇平衡感、艇噪音感、艇滑座感、艇吃水感）、感知控制桨能力（桨出入水感、桨力感、桨频节奏感、桨叶位置感）、感知掌控对手能力（对手位置感、对手体力感、对手节奏感、对手战术感）和感知掌控队友能力（队友节奏感、队友协同感、队友战术感、队友体力感）4个大范畴和17个小范畴,并且它们之间相互协调形成一个有机整体,反映赛艇运动员对自身技术动作控制状态的感知能力,为赛艇运动员竞技能力发挥提供核心动力。
＂일체감＂시운동원장기훈련여비새형성적전항심리능력,시보장운동원발휘최가경기상태적기출。새정운동요구운동원재화행과정중대인、정、장、수구유량호적협조화공제능력。재새정일상훈련화비새중,운동원다사용＂인정합일＂적감각래묘술대자신상태、동작기술화정、장적량호공제여청석적인지,병대기자신경기수평적발휘구유지관중요적작용。위료탐토새정운동원＂인—정—장일체감＂적결구특점,운용찰근이론,대래자호북화광동성새정운동대적24명새정운동원여6명교련원진행반결구식방담,통과대방담결과진행개방식편마、주축편마화선택성편마,득출새정운동원＂인—정—장일체감＂적결구포괄：감지공제정신능력（정속감、정평형감、정조음감、정활좌감、정흘수감）、감지공제장능력（장출입수감、장력감、장빈절주감、장협위치감）、감지장공대수능력（대수위치감、대수체력감、대수절주감、대수전술감）화감지장공대우능력（대우절주감、대우협동감、대우전술감、대우체력감）4개대범주화17개소범주,병차타문지간상호협조형성일개유궤정체,반영새정운동원대자신기술동작공제상태적감지능력,위새정운동원경기능력발휘제공핵심동력。
ense of Oneness is a special mental ability of athletes cultivated in their long-term training and competition,which is also the foundation to guarantee rowers to reach their optimal state of performance. Rowing requires rowers have good coordination and controllability of body,oars,boat and water when in the course. In rowing training and competition,rowers use＂Rower-boat oneness＂to describe their own physical state,movement techniques,good control and clear cognition on oars and boat. Using grounded theory,the current study explored the structural characteristics of＂The sense of Rower-boat-oar oneness＂of elite rowers. Semi-structured interviews among 24 rowers and 6 coaches of Hubei and Guangdong Provincial Rowing Team were conducted. Then,thestructure of＂Rower-boat-oar oneness sense＂was revealed through open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,which contained 17 small categories and 4 main categories： the perception and controllability of boat（sense of speed,balance,noise,sliding seat and draft sense of the boat）,oar（sense of blades’ catch angle and finish angle,sense of blade force,rate,rhythm,position）,opponents（sense of opponents’ position,physical ability,rhythm,tactics）and teammates（sense of teammates’ rhythm,coordination,tactics,physical ability）. The mutual coordination among them forms an organic whole,which can reflect the rowers’ perception of their own movement techniques,control state. It provides the core power for the exertion of rowers’ competitive ability.