CAJ | 학술논문

我国中小企业在改革开放后取得了快速的发展，同时也推动了我国经济社会的快速发展，然而，在当前复杂的国际国内环境下，我国中小企业面临严峻的挑战。本文基于创新理论和转型发展理论，借鉴发达国家和地区中小企业创新和转型的经验，提出了我国中小企业转型的理论逻辑及路径设计。我国中小企业可选择在资源配置、战略选择和市场拓展等方面进行调整，借以实现自身在增长方式、发展战略和目标市场等方面的转型。
아국중소기업재개혁개방후취득료쾌속적발전，동시야추동료아국경제사회적쾌속발전，연이，재당전복잡적국제국내배경하，아국중소기업면림엄준적도전。본문기우창신이론화전형발전이론，차감발체국가화지구중소기업창신화전형적경험，제출료아국중소기업전형적이론라집급로경설계。아국중소기업가선택재자원배치、전략선택화시장탁전등방면진행조정，차이실현자신재증장방식、발전전략화목표시장등방면적전형。
SMEs are important force to promote economy in China from the practice of reform and opening up, however, they are encountering lots of problems under the complex international and domestic situation now. Based on the theory of innovation and transformation and the experience of USA, Japan, German, Korea and Taiwan, SMEs need to adjust their resources allocation, strategies alternative and market expansion to adapt the complex en- vironment. This paper illustrates three basic paths for SMEs ： pattern of growth reconstruction, strategy adjustment and market transfer. From 2008, the world financial crisis has been impacting on economy especially on SMEs in China, and even tips many SMEs toward bankrupt. In the aspect of global economy, the European and USA, which are the most im- portant importing countries of Chinese SMEs, are still in recession and the prospect in future is unclear, and vari- ous forms of trade protectionism are rising. For most SMEs in China, the export-oriented strategy is not suitable to- day, which requires them to adjust their target market and operational strategy. At the same time, the domestic en- vironment is more complex than ever. The increasing cost of labor force, raw materials and capital cut down SMEs＇ price advantage especially the manpower ascendancy. So the cost leading strategy cannot be employed by SMEs as the resource base has been changing. Therefore, SMEs need to innovate in order to adjust to the change, which we call transformation. Innovation will bring SMEs opportunity; meanwhile, it also contains risk. In order to decrease risk in the process of transformation, we should refer back to the experience of developed counties and regions. This article re- views the key success factors of USA, Japan, German, Korea and Taiwan and then concludes the follow three prin- ciples. Firstly, technology is the basis and the most important factor to promote SMEs to transform. Secondly, to obtain or unearth buried management efficiency will increase output under certain input, which is palatable to the SMEs lack of resource. Thirdly, SMEs should develop their comparative advantage to get competition advantage un- der the country＇ s development strategy. SMEs in China need to dig such experience and put them in practice. SMEs can transform by many kinds of innovative activities. SMEs should strive to get more quality resources especially human resource and technical source. U resource gives SMEs potential to improve efficiency pgrading the manufacture technology and method based on the and competition power. SMEs also can optimize organizational structure and improve management ability to gain the management and organization bonus. Certainly, SMEs can re- locate their target market in order to get the market power in the tiny market. Anyway, SMEs can develop three basic transformation paths through those innovative activities. The first path is the growth model transformation, which means small firms can adjust the Growth Function（ Y = F（A ,K,L）） in order to get a higher technical production Y. The second path is the strategy transformation, which means SMEs can change strategy such as the general strategy, brand strategy, competition strategy and industry strategy to make sure that they can transfer the technical production Y to a real production Y and a supply production Ys. The third basic path is the market transformation, which means small enterprises can get broader and deeper markets in do- mestic and global market then the supply production Yswill be sold to customers and the demand production Yo will be realized. The whole production chain （ Y = Y） and supply-demand balance （ Ys = YD） drive SMEs transform suc- cessful（ Y=Y= Ys = YD）. Each small business can choose a mixed path based on the three basic paths and imple- ment it step by step.