CAJ | 학술논문

我国正在7个省市进行碳排放权交易试点,但多数试点体系的企业纳入门槛较低、覆盖的排放量较小,不利于充分发挥碳排放权交易降低实现减排目标的社会总成本的作用.连接可以扩大体系覆盖的温室气体排放总量,降低连接区域实现温室气体减排目标的总社会成本,有利于解决“碳泄漏”问题,并减少碳指标价格的波动.本文分析了连接我国不同的碳排放权交易试点体系的必要性、可行性以及面临的主要障碍,认为试点体系连接有利于我国碳市场的长期和健康发展,但连接面临不同层面的障碍,包括国家层面配套政策的缺失以及各试点体系在关键规则设计中的不一致,并提出了解决方案建议.全国统一碳市场的建成尚需时日,中央政府应鼓励试点体系进行连接探索,并制定与此相适应的对各省市GDP碳排放强度下降目标完成情况的考核办法;有连接意向的体系应该在配额分配方法、遵约机制、价格调控机制、存储与借贷规则、抵消机制等要素方面进行协调.
아국정재7개성시진행탄배방권교역시점,단다수시점체계적기업납입문함교저、복개적배방량교소,불리우충분발휘탄배방권교역강저실현감배목표적사회총성본적작용.련접가이확대체계복개적온실기체배방총량,강저련접구역실현온실기체감배목표적총사회성본,유리우해결“탄설루”문제,병감소탄지표개격적파동.본문분석료련접아국불동적탄배방권교역시점체계적필요성、가행성이급면림적주요장애,인위시점체계련접유리우아국탄시장적장기화건강발전,단련접면림불동층면적장애,포괄국가층면배투정책적결실이급각시점체계재관건규칙설계중적불일치,병제출료해결방안건의.전국통일탄시장적건성상수시일,중앙정부응고려시점체계진행련접탐색,병제정여차상괄응적대각성시GDP탄배방강도하강목표완성정황적고핵판법;유련접의향적체계응해재배액분배방법、준약궤제、개격조공궤제、존저여차대규칙、저소궤제등요소방면진행협조.
All seven emissions trading pilots in China are operating independently. One challenge tacing most of them is the low inclusion thresholds of enterprises and the small total covered emissions, which negatively affects the effects of an emissions trading system （ETS）. Some pilots such as Guangdong, Hubei, Tianjin and Belling indicated their willingness to link their schemes with others. ETS linking could enlarge the coverage of schemes and therefore help to reduce the overall costs of achieving the emissions eontrol targets of the linked schemes. It could also help to address the issues of carbon leakage and reduce price fluctuations. The potential benefits and feasibility of linking different pilot systems are analyzed in the article. The seven pilot regions are at different stages of social and economic development, with significant differences in total emissions, structure of the emissions, as well as carbon abatement potentials and costs. Through linking, more developed regions like Belling, Shanghai and Shenzhen, which are usually considered to face higher mitigation costs, will be provided an opportunity to accomplish their emissions control targets by purchasing carbon units fl＇om other less developed regions, which will get financial revenues from the selling of credits. To realize this win-win result, a series of policy and technical barriers at both the central government and the pilot government levels need to be overcome. To establish a unified national emissions trading market seems to be an ideal solution to those challenges, but it will take considerable time and will not he the short-term solution. In the absence of a unified national scheme, it is recommended that ： 1 ） the central government should encourage pilot schemes to link and develop corresponding national policies to support the linking efforts; 2） the pilot schemes intend to link should coordinate on some elements designs. Based on the coordinating need, major elements of an ETS couht be divided into four categories： 1 ） elements that need mutual recognition： cap setting and allowance allocation methods ; 2） elements that shall be completely identical： compliance mechanisms, price containment measures, banking and borrowing rules, and offset mechanisms; 3 ） technical elements that are preferably identical and easy to coordinate ： MRV standards, technical standards of registries ; 4） elements that no coordination is needed： coverages and scope.