中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
China Sport Science and Technology
2014年
5期
94~99
,共null页
铁人三项 选材 身体形态 生理生化机能 素质
鐵人三項 選材 身體形態 生理生化機能 素質
철인삼항 선재 신체형태 생리생화궤능 소질
triathlon; talent identification; body shape; physiological and biochemical function; quality
目的：研究国家优秀青少年铁人三项运动员身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩的相关性。方法：以22名国家优秀青少年铁人三项运动员为研究对象,测量其身高、体重,计算克托莱指数和BMI指数,静脉取血检测血常规、睾酮水平,训练过程中测试3 000m跑步和400m自由泳成绩,所有数据均用Spss 9.0统计软件与比赛成绩进行相关性分析。结果：身体形态指标中,男运动员身高（r=-0.681,P=0.030）、BMI（r=-0.695,P=0.026）与比赛成绩具有显著相关性,并且体重（r=-0.783,P=0.007）、克托莱指数（r=-0.778,P=0.008）与运动比赛具有极显著性相关性,女运动员身体形态各项指标与比赛成绩均无显著相关性（P〉0.05）;男、女运动员心功能各项指标与比赛成绩均无显著相关性（P〉0.05）;男、女运动员睾酮水平（r=-0.733,P=0.016;r=-0.739,P=0.036）与比赛成绩有显著相关性;男、女运动员血常规中HGB（r=-0.760,P=0.011;r=-0.851,P=0.032）、HCT（r=-0.788,P=0.007;r=-0.764,P=0.037）与比赛成绩有显著相关性,RBC、WBC与比赛成绩无显著相关性（P〉0.05）;运动素质中男运动员3 000m跑成绩（r=0.867,P=0.001）与比赛成绩有极显著相关性,女运动员400 m自由泳即刻心率（r=0.935,P=0.002）与比赛成绩具有极显著相关性,其他各项指标与比赛成绩无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：运动员的身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩均具有相关性,但相关性程度不同,身高、体重、克托莱指数、BMI、睾酮、HGB、HCT、3 000m成绩等指标与比赛成绩具有显著相关性（P〈0.05）,心功能、RBC、WBC等指标与比赛成绩无显著相关性（P〉0.05）;运动员的身体形态、生理生化机能、运动素质与比赛成绩的相关性存在性别差异。
目的：研究國傢優秀青少年鐵人三項運動員身體形態、生理生化機能、運動素質與比賽成績的相關性。方法：以22名國傢優秀青少年鐵人三項運動員為研究對象,測量其身高、體重,計算剋託萊指數和BMI指數,靜脈取血檢測血常規、睪酮水平,訓練過程中測試3 000m跑步和400m自由泳成績,所有數據均用Spss 9.0統計軟件與比賽成績進行相關性分析。結果：身體形態指標中,男運動員身高（r=-0.681,P=0.030）、BMI（r=-0.695,P=0.026）與比賽成績具有顯著相關性,併且體重（r=-0.783,P=0.007）、剋託萊指數（r=-0.778,P=0.008）與運動比賽具有極顯著性相關性,女運動員身體形態各項指標與比賽成績均無顯著相關性（P〉0.05）;男、女運動員心功能各項指標與比賽成績均無顯著相關性（P〉0.05）;男、女運動員睪酮水平（r=-0.733,P=0.016;r=-0.739,P=0.036）與比賽成績有顯著相關性;男、女運動員血常規中HGB（r=-0.760,P=0.011;r=-0.851,P=0.032）、HCT（r=-0.788,P=0.007;r=-0.764,P=0.037）與比賽成績有顯著相關性,RBC、WBC與比賽成績無顯著相關性（P〉0.05）;運動素質中男運動員3 000m跑成績（r=0.867,P=0.001）與比賽成績有極顯著相關性,女運動員400 m自由泳即刻心率（r=0.935,P=0.002）與比賽成績具有極顯著相關性,其他各項指標與比賽成績無顯著相關性（P〉0.05）。結論：運動員的身體形態、生理生化機能、運動素質與比賽成績均具有相關性,但相關性程度不同,身高、體重、剋託萊指數、BMI、睪酮、HGB、HCT、3 000m成績等指標與比賽成績具有顯著相關性（P〈0.05）,心功能、RBC、WBC等指標與比賽成績無顯著相關性（P〉0.05）;運動員的身體形態、生理生化機能、運動素質與比賽成績的相關性存在性彆差異。
목적：연구국가우수청소년철인삼항운동원신체형태、생리생화궤능、운동소질여비새성적적상관성。방법：이22명국가우수청소년철인삼항운동원위연구대상,측량기신고、체중,계산극탁래지수화BMI지수,정맥취혈검측혈상규、고동수평,훈련과정중측시3 000m포보화400m자유영성적,소유수거균용Spss 9.0통계연건여비새성적진행상관성분석。결과：신체형태지표중,남운동원신고（r=-0.681,P=0.030）、BMI（r=-0.695,P=0.026）여비새성적구유현저상관성,병차체중（r=-0.783,P=0.007）、극탁래지수（r=-0.778,P=0.008）여운동비새구유겁현저성상관성,녀운동원신체형태각항지표여비새성적균무현저상관성（P〉0.05）;남、녀운동원심공능각항지표여비새성적균무현저상관성（P〉0.05）;남、녀운동원고동수평（r=-0.733,P=0.016;r=-0.739,P=0.036）여비새성적유현저상관성;남、녀운동원혈상규중HGB（r=-0.760,P=0.011;r=-0.851,P=0.032）、HCT（r=-0.788,P=0.007;r=-0.764,P=0.037）여비새성적유현저상관성,RBC、WBC여비새성적무현저상관성（P〉0.05）;운동소질중남운동원3 000m포성적（r=0.867,P=0.001）여비새성적유겁현저상관성,녀운동원400 m자유영즉각심솔（r=0.935,P=0.002）여비새성적구유겁현저상관성,기타각항지표여비새성적무현저상관성（P〉0.05）。결론：운동원적신체형태、생리생화궤능、운동소질여비새성적균구유상관성,단상관성정도불동,신고、체중、극탁래지수、BMI、고동、HGB、HCT、3 000m성적등지표여비새성적구유현저상관성（P〈0.05）,심공능、RBC、WBC등지표여비새성적무현저상관성（P〉0.05）;운동원적신체형태、생리생화궤능、운동소질여비새성적적상관성존재성별차이。
Objective： To study the national outstanding youth triathlon athletes body shape, physiological and biochemical function, movement quality with the correlation of the performance, as to provide theoretical basis for triathlon athletes talent identification. Methods：Taking 22 national outstanding youth triathlon athletes as the research object, by measuring the height, weight, calculation the Quetelet index and BMI, venous blood test routine blood, testos- terone levels, training process to test the 3 000 m running and 400 m freestyle record, and then all the data correlation analysis by SPSSg. 0 statistical software with the performance. Results： body configuration index of male athletes height （ r = - 0. 681, P = 0. 030） and BMI （ r = -0. 695,P = 0. 026） has significant correlation with the performance, body weight （r = -0. 783,P=0. 007） and Quetelet index （r=-0. 778,P=0. 008） and has extremely significant correlation with the performance. Female athletes body shape indicators has no significant correlation with the performance （P〈0.05）;Male, female athletes cardiac function indicators has no significant correlation with the performance （P〉 0.05 ） ; Male, female athletes testos- terone levels （ r = - 0.733, P = 0.016 ; r = - 0.739, P = 0.036 ） has significantly correlation with the performance ; Male, female athletes HGB （ r = - 0. 760, P = 0.011 ; r = - 0.851, P = 0. 032） and HCT （ r = - 0.788, P = 0.007 ; r = - 0.764, P = 0.037） has significant correlation with the performance in the routin blood, RBC and WBC, there was no significant correlation with the performance （P〉0.05） ;Athletic male athletes in 3 000 m run scores （r= 0. 867, P = 0.001 ） has significant correlation with the performance, female athletes in 400 m freestyle instant heart rate （r = 0.935, P = 0. 002 ） has extremely significant correlation with the performance, other indicators there was no significant correlation with the performance （P 〉0. 05）. Conclusion. the athletes＇ body shape, physiological and biochemical function, movement quality and performance are relevant, but correlation degree is different, height, weight, Quetelet index, BMI, testosterone, HGB, HCT, 3000m performance indicators and performance has significant correlation （P〈0.05 ）, cardiac function, indexes of RBC and WBC, there was no significant correlation with the performance （P〉 0.05） ; The athletes＂ body shape, physiological and biochemical function, movement quality and performance has related to gender differences.
