CAJ | 학술논문

古文献中有商汤“网开三面，德及禽兽”的故事，自来往往被解释成商汤作为一个圣明君主仁爱民众、德及禽兽的盛德行为，或被说成是商汤笼络人心之举。其实如果从环境史的角度来看，此事也反映了商人有保护鸟类的生态观念。对于殷商时代人们来说，其环保意识的产生也与其宗教信仰密不可分。商人以玄鸟为图腾，对鸟类持有一种崇拜和敬畏的态度，所以不论在甲骨卜辞中，还是在殷墟考古材料中，都显示了商人对鸟类有着不同于其他野生动物的独特待遇。
고문헌중유상탕“망개삼면，덕급금수”적고사，자래왕왕피해석성상탕작위일개골명군주인애민음、덕급금수적성덕행위，혹피설성시상탕롱락인심지거。기실여과종배경사적각도래간，차사야반영료상인유보호조류적생태관념。대우은상시대인문래설，기배보의식적산생야여기종교신앙밀불가분。상인이현조위도등，대조류지유일충숭배화경외적태도，소이불론재갑골복사중，환시재은허고고재료중，도현시료상인대조류유착불동우기타야생동물적독특대우。
＂If a net is open on three sides, kindness can be spread over birds and beasts＂--Tang＇s belief was record- ed in legends in ancient literature. This belief has long been interpreted as Tang＇ s virtuous rule over his people and his kindness even to the beasts. This belief has also been understood as the reason of Tang＇ s practice to win over the heart of people. However, regarded from the perspective of environmental history, this belief can also reveal people＇ s ecological conception to protect birds in Shang Dynasty. For people in Shang, their environmental awareness was generated be- cause of their religious belief. They took black birds as their totem, and showed strong respect and awe towards birds. As a result, no matter in the oracles inscribed on tortoise shell or in archeological discoveries from Yin ruins, we can always find people in Shang had a special attachment towards birds other than any other wild animals.