北京体育大学学报
北京體育大學學報
북경체육대학학보
Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education
2014年
9期
79~84
,共null页
女子短道运动员 下肢 肌力特征 肌肉力量 相对峰力矩 膝伸肌群 发力时机 最大力量 爆发力
女子短道運動員 下肢 肌力特徵 肌肉力量 相對峰力矩 膝伸肌群 髮力時機 最大力量 爆髮力
녀자단도운동원 하지 기력특정 기육역량 상대봉력구 슬신기군 발력시궤 최대역량 폭발력
female short track speed skaters; lower limbs; muscle features; muscle strength; peak torque; knee extensor muscles; forcing time; maximum strength; explosive power
目的：探讨短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征以及与500 m成绩的回归分析,增强训练的优化性和对项目规律的认识。方法：运用ISOMED 2000多关节等速测力系统对我国10名女子短道速度滑冰国家队队员膝、踝关节肌肉力量进行测试。结果：1）相对峰力矩和总功指标角随速度增加而下降,各速度间呈显著性差异;而膝、踝关节屈伸比指标低于国际和国内标准;运动员的膝关节爆发能力较好,踝关节在高速度下表现不足。2）左右腿同名肌群除膝关节屈伸比、踝关节平均功率两项指标,均呈显著性差异（p〈0.05）,多个指标超过10%的推荐值膝关节差值在4.5%～12.9%之间,踝关节差值在5.5%～14.5%之间。3）膝伸肌群峰力矩角度（240°/s）、膝屈肌群相对峰力矩（240°/s）和膝伸肌群平均功率（180°/s）3组指标进入与500 m成绩的逐步回归方程,相关系数为0.94,决定系数为0.90,方差检验p〈0.05,方程有效。结论：优秀女子短道运动员下肢膝、踝关节屈伸力量符合生物力学特征,对于短道速度滑冰项目高速度区比低速度区的力量能力更重要,膝关节肌群相对踝关节在500 m项目中起到更大作用,短道运动员的膝、踝屈伸肌群比例较低,或具有项目特点,与技术相关的力量指标与成绩的相关性更高,训练中应加强两腿同名肌群力量的平衡性,减少由于肌群不平衡所引起的伤病和技术缺陷。
目的：探討短道速度滑冰運動員下肢肌力特徵以及與500 m成績的迴歸分析,增彊訓練的優化性和對項目規律的認識。方法：運用ISOMED 2000多關節等速測力繫統對我國10名女子短道速度滑冰國傢隊隊員膝、踝關節肌肉力量進行測試。結果：1）相對峰力矩和總功指標角隨速度增加而下降,各速度間呈顯著性差異;而膝、踝關節屈伸比指標低于國際和國內標準;運動員的膝關節爆髮能力較好,踝關節在高速度下錶現不足。2）左右腿同名肌群除膝關節屈伸比、踝關節平均功率兩項指標,均呈顯著性差異（p〈0.05）,多箇指標超過10%的推薦值膝關節差值在4.5%～12.9%之間,踝關節差值在5.5%～14.5%之間。3）膝伸肌群峰力矩角度（240°/s）、膝屈肌群相對峰力矩（240°/s）和膝伸肌群平均功率（180°/s）3組指標進入與500 m成績的逐步迴歸方程,相關繫數為0.94,決定繫數為0.90,方差檢驗p〈0.05,方程有效。結論：優秀女子短道運動員下肢膝、踝關節屈伸力量符閤生物力學特徵,對于短道速度滑冰項目高速度區比低速度區的力量能力更重要,膝關節肌群相對踝關節在500 m項目中起到更大作用,短道運動員的膝、踝屈伸肌群比例較低,或具有項目特點,與技術相關的力量指標與成績的相關性更高,訓練中應加彊兩腿同名肌群力量的平衡性,減少由于肌群不平衡所引起的傷病和技術缺陷。
목적：탐토단도속도활빙운동원하지기력특정이급여500 m성적적회귀분석,증강훈련적우화성화대항목규률적인식。방법：운용ISOMED 2000다관절등속측력계통대아국10명녀자단도속도활빙국가대대원슬、과관절기육역량진행측시。결과：1）상대봉력구화총공지표각수속도증가이하강,각속도간정현저성차이;이슬、과관절굴신비지표저우국제화국내표준;운동원적슬관절폭발능력교호,과관절재고속도하표현불족。2）좌우퇴동명기군제슬관절굴신비、과관절평균공솔량항지표,균정현저성차이（p〈0.05）,다개지표초과10%적추천치슬관절차치재4.5%～12.9%지간,과관절차치재5.5%～14.5%지간。3）슬신기군봉력구각도（240°/s）、슬굴기군상대봉력구（240°/s）화슬신기군평균공솔（180°/s）3조지표진입여500 m성적적축보회귀방정,상관계수위0.94,결정계수위0.90,방차검험p〈0.05,방정유효。결론：우수녀자단도운동원하지슬、과관절굴신역량부합생물역학특정,대우단도속도활빙항목고속도구비저속도구적역량능력경중요,슬관절기군상대과관절재500 m항목중기도경대작용,단도운동원적슬、과굴신기군비례교저,혹구유항목특점,여기술상관적역량지표여성적적상관성경고,훈련중응가강량퇴동명기군역량적평형성,감소유우기군불평형소인기적상병화기술결함。
Purpose： This paper explored the lower limbs＇ muscle features and its relationship with 500 m performance in elite female skaters to optimize training and improve realization of sports law. Methods： Muscle strength of ankle and knee joints in 10 female skaters coming from national short track speed skating team were measured by ISOMED 2000 isokinetic testing system. Results： 1） The peak torque and total work decrease with rising speed,and they are different among different speeds. The flex /ext ratio of knee and ankle is lower than international and national standards. The explosive power of knee joints is good but ankle＇s is low. 2） All the muscles＇ indicators except for flex /ext ratio of knee joint and average power of ankle joint,are significantly different between both sides of legs（ P〈0. 05）. Most indicators are over 10 percentages of their recommended values. The gaps of knee joint＇s indicators is among 4. 5% ～ 12. 9%,and ankle joint＇s is among 5. 5% ～ 14. 5%. 3） The peak torque angle of extensor muscle（ 240° /s） and flexor muscle（ 240° /s）,and average power of extensor muscle（ 180° /s） at knee are highly related to 500 m performance,and the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient are 0. 94 and 0. 90 respectively（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusions： The features of knee and ankle muscles strength in female short track speed skaters are fit for sports biomechanical law. For short track speed skating,the strength at high speed is more important than that at low speed. Knee muscles are more important than ankle＇s in 500 m event. The muscle strength ratio between knee and ankle joint is low,which reflected specific characteristics. The strength correlated with technique has high correlation with performance. Skaters should improve the balance between both sidesof legs and reduce related injuries and technical defects.
