CAJ | 학술논문

进化心理学家推测，自我认知是一组沿着不同进化历程发展起来的认知加工能力。史前人类的早期，自我面孔识别依赖于延展我的加工。我们对自我认知、自我意识的神经机制还知之不多，而它们对于理解人类行为复杂性又极其重要。自我面孔作为个体最显著的自我标识，可以作为探究延展我、私密我、概念我加工的独特刺激，对于揭示自我认知加工的机制具有重要作用。
진화심이학가추측，자아인지시일조연착불동진화역정발전기래적인지가공능력。사전인류적조기，자아면공식별의뢰우연전아적가공。아문대자아인지、자아의식적신경궤제환지지불다，이타문대우리해인류행위복잡성우겁기중요。자아면공작위개체최현저적자아표식，가이작위탐구연전아、사밀아、개념아가공적독특자격，대우게시자아인지가공적궤제구유중요작용。
Face is a unique self-referential stimulus, presumably one＇s most distinctive physical feature. A lot of human self-face recognition researches have been done on phylogeny, development, processing advantage and social situation adaptation. According to the surmise of evolutionary psychologists, self-cognition is a set of cognitive processing abilities developed from different evolutionary courses. There are five forms of self, ecological self-knowledge, interpersonal self-knowledge, extended self-knowledge, private self- knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge. They have different evolution and development processes. Among them, self-face recognition is an important component. The development of self-face recognition relies on the processing of the extended self-knowledge. We can find its early form in the common ancestors of human beings,chimpanzees and bonobos lived in 6.5 to 4.5 Ma. In the later evolutionary process, private self-knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge appeared in succession. The whole process recapitulates itself in the mankind＇s individual development. With the combination of extended self-knowledge, private self-knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge, human beings developed complicated and diversified behavior. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals. At present, though it＇s just the beginning for studies of neuro-mechanism of self-cognition and self-consciousness, more and more attentions from different researchers were focused in this field. Using self-face as an object of the studies, a lot of works have been done on the neurological basis of self-face cognitive processing, allocation of attention, development characteristics, relationship between theory of mind （TOM） with self-concept, inhibition mechanism and its relationship with social adaption. Self-face, the most significant mark for human individual, can be used as a unique stimulus in the processing of extended self-knowledge, private self-knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge and also play an important role in the exploration of the mechanism of self-processing. However, there are some conflicted results in the field of self-face recognition. For example, the effect sizes of the inhibition of return （IOR） on self-face cue and others＇ face cue are different, which reflects the flexibility of self-cognition processing. If the cue is consisted of some important information about individual survival and development, it is able to hold the subjects＇ attention and consequently weaken the effect sizes of the IOR. The inability to recognize one＇s own face is accompanied with the social functioning disorder, which means that there is an obvious relation between social context and self-conscious, self-cognition. Children with autism spectnma disorder （ASD） have a disordered pattern of brain responses to faces and objects at an early age. Also autism is known as having a basic impairment in social cognition. There is a specific self-face processing dysfunction in schizophrenia which might be related to altered self-awareness in schizophrenia. One of the hallmarks of narcissism is altered emotion, including decreased emotional resonance （e.g. empathy） with others. Psychological and neuroimaging data indicate respectively higher degrees of alexithymia and lower deactivation during empathy in the insula in high narcissistic subjects, which means that it is very difficult for the high narcissistic subjects to turn their focusing on themselves to others.