CAJ | 학술논문

目前在我国农民的四大收入来源中,财产性收入的比重较小,土地是农民最重要的资产,让农民通过土地财产权利获得财产性收入,进而增加农民的总体收入是当务之急。我国农民的土地财产权利包括承包经营权、宅基地用益物权、集体资产股份占有权。在农民利用各种财产权利增加财产性收入时会面临一些挑战：我国农村地区出现分化,分化为城中村、城市郊区村、远离城市的农村地区;土地集体所有权的虚化与委托代理问题;土地要素自由流动的限制。目前我国的土地制度是一种保守的制度安排,有利于维护社会稳定,避免了贫民窟的出现,但不利于要素的自由流动和资源优化配置。要探索出一种有利于增加农民财产性收入,有利于农民转为市民的合理的土地制度。把增加农民财产性收入与发展现代农业、城镇化结合起来。
목전재아국농민적사대수입래원중,재산성수입적비중교소,토지시농민최중요적자산,양농민통과토지재산권리획득재산성수입,진이증가농민적총체수입시당무지급。아국농민적토지재산권리포괄승포경영권、택기지용익물권、집체자산고빈점유권。재농민이용각충재산권리증가재산성수입시회면림일사도전：아국농촌지구출현분화,분화위성중촌、성시교구촌、원리성시적농촌지구;토지집체소유권적허화여위탁대리문제;토지요소자유류동적한제。목전아국적토지제도시일충보수적제도안배,유리우유호사회은정,피면료빈민굴적출현,단불리우요소적자유류동화자원우화배치。요탐색출일충유리우증가농민재산성수입,유리우농민전위시민적합리적토지제도。파증가농민재산성수입여발전현대농업、성진화결합기래。
Among the four sources of farmers＇ income, property income plays a minor role. Land is farmers＇ most important property and also the most important source of farmers＇ income. The legal right of farmers＇ land includes contractual management rights, land usufruct and the collective assets of collective possession. However, there are many problems and challenges in the process of fulfilling these legal rights, such as the differentiations of rural areas, the entrusting acting of the collective land ownership and the limitation of land element flowing. The present land system benefits the stability of society but injuries the free flowing of land and the resource of optimization. To find out a method which favors farmer＇ s income from property and the transformation to urban citizens, we should combine the increment with construction of modem agriculture and urbanization.