当代经济管理
噹代經濟管理
당대경제관리
Contemporary Economic Management
2015年
1期
51~56
,共null页
养老服务 机构养老 居家养老 社会养老 产业化
養老服務 機構養老 居傢養老 社會養老 產業化
양로복무 궤구양로 거가양로 사회양로 산업화
elderly care service system; institutional care; home care; social care; industrialization
中国老龄化和高龄化推动失能老人的数量不断增加。 然而， 机构养老、 家庭养老以及引导社会服务市场发展的政策都存在供给不足现象： 专业的养老机构以收住健康老人为主， 大多数完全失能老人无法得到专业机构的养老服务， 机构养老供求存在 “错位”； 因空巢家庭增加和中年女性人口相对减少， 非正式的家庭养老也面临供给不足； 社会养老服务市场没有发育， 政策引导不足。 解决上述三个问题， 是建立老年长期照护制度的关键。 为此， 要通过社会化和产业化政策， 培育社会养老服务市场， 从而增加养老服务人员供给； 长远来看， 必须建立强制性长期照护保险， 以解决老年养老筹资问题； 政府应对长期照护需求最强但给付能力较弱的老年群体给予资金支持。
中國老齡化和高齡化推動失能老人的數量不斷增加。 然而， 機構養老、 傢庭養老以及引導社會服務市場髮展的政策都存在供給不足現象： 專業的養老機構以收住健康老人為主， 大多數完全失能老人無法得到專業機構的養老服務， 機構養老供求存在 “錯位”； 因空巢傢庭增加和中年女性人口相對減少， 非正式的傢庭養老也麵臨供給不足； 社會養老服務市場沒有髮育， 政策引導不足。 解決上述三箇問題， 是建立老年長期照護製度的關鍵。 為此， 要通過社會化和產業化政策， 培育社會養老服務市場， 從而增加養老服務人員供給； 長遠來看， 必鬚建立彊製性長期照護保險， 以解決老年養老籌資問題； 政府應對長期照護需求最彊但給付能力較弱的老年群體給予資金支持。
중국노령화화고령화추동실능노인적수량불단증가。 연이， 궤구양로、 가정양로이급인도사회복무시장발전적정책도존재공급불족현상： 전업적양로궤구이수주건강노인위주， 대다수완전실능노인무법득도전업궤구적양로복무， 궤구양로공구존재 “착위”； 인공소가정증가화중년녀성인구상대감소， 비정식적가정양로야면림공급불족； 사회양로복무시장몰유발육， 정책인도불족。 해결상술삼개문제， 시건립노년장기조호제도적관건。 위차， 요통과사회화화산업화정책， 배육사회양로복무시장， 종이증가양로복무인원공급； 장원래간， 필수건립강제성장기조호보험， 이해결노년양로주자문제； 정부응대장기조호수구최강단급부능력교약적노년군체급여자금지지。
The amount of the disabled elderly in China has been increasing rapidly with the coming of the ageing society. However, the supply shortage exists in various fields of China＇s elderly care services as institutional care, home care and public policy in developing social care market.Firstly, most of the professional elderly care institutions only enroll the elderly who still obtain independent living ability, which results in the ＂misplace＂ problem. Secondly, due to more and more ＂empty-nest＂ families and the shrinking number of middle-aged female members,informal forms of elderly care supply could hardly fulfill social demands, as well. Thirdly, the socialized elderly care market has not been developed yet and there is also insufficient policy guidance. It could be a key that these three problems get solved to establish a long term elderly care system. For this purpose, policies which aim to socialize and industrialize the elderly care service should be issued to foster the elderly care service market, thus promote personnel supply; from a long-term perspective, mandatory long-term pension insurance must be implemented to solve the funding problem of the elderly care. The government should also take its responsibility to give funding support to the frail elderly who has most need long-term care but without affordable ability.
