CAJ | 학술논문

我国农业现代化过程中面临着一系列与环境问题相关的挑战,构建亲环境行为的非正式制度是实现农业可持续发展的首要命题.农户是农业生产的主体,也是实施亲环境农业的主体,亲环境农业政策最终要落实到改变农户经营意愿和提高农户亲环境农业行为上来,才能达到改善农业环境的目的.文章使用通径分析方法,基于江苏、安徽农业主产区9个产粮大县796个样本农户的调查数据,在系统梳理非正式制度与亲环境行为关系的基础上,提出了更全面的研究问题和假设.得出如下研究结论：（1）不同类型的非正式制度与农户亲环境行为之间存在多样化的理论联系,而不仅是递进式、间接地影响农户亲环境行为.（2）农户搭便车行为与对同伴亲环境行为高度怀疑之间相互强化构成了亲环境行为的一种社会性心理;（3）秸秆焚烧政策、查处力度和产业化水平等既可以直接影响亲环境行为,又可以激励或阻碍非正式制度的形成与发展.基于此,文章提出如下政策建议：第一,公开与透明秸秆利用信息,提高农户主观约束意识和亲环境行为;第二,重视秸秆禁烧政策执行中的补贴机制,解决个人约束和主观约束中存在的不利局面;第三,调整非正式制度宣传定位,在宣传中应该更多地基于农户的不信任和猜忌心理入手;第四,提高查获率和加重处罚程度,解决农户搭便车行为;第五,促进秸秆产业发展,是秸秆禁烧政策执行中应该着力改进的重点领域.
아국농업현대화과정중면림착일계렬여배경문제상관적도전,구건친배경행위적비정식제도시실현농업가지속발전적수요명제.농호시농업생산적주체,야시실시친배경농업적주체,친배경농업정책최종요락실도개변농호경영의원화제고농호친배경농업행위상래,재능체도개선농업배경적목적.문장사용통경분석방법,기우강소、안휘농업주산구9개산량대현796개양본농호적조사수거,재계통소리비정식제도여친배경행위관계적기출상,제출료경전면적연구문제화가설.득출여하연구결론：（1）불동류형적비정식제도여농호친배경행위지간존재다양화적이론련계,이불부시체진식、간접지영향농호친배경행위.（2）농호탑편차행위여대동반친배경행위고도부의지간상호강화구성료친배경행위적일충사회성심리;（3）갈간분소정책、사처력도화산업화수평등기가이직접영향친배경행위,우가이격려혹조애비정식제도적형성여발전.기우차,문장제출여하정책건의：제일,공개여투명갈간이용신식,제고농호주관약속의식화친배경행위;제이,중시갈간금소정책집행중적보첩궤제,해결개인약속화주관약속중존재적불리국면;제삼,조정비정식제도선전정위,재선전중응해경다지기우농호적불신임화시기심리입수;제사,제고사획솔화가중처벌정도,해결농호탑편차행위;제오,촉진갈간산업발전,시갈간금소정책집행중응해착력개진적중점영역.
The agricultural modernization process in our country is facing a series of environmental problems,the construction of proenvironmental informal system is a chief proposition to achieve sustainable agricultural development.Farmers are the main body of agricultural production,but also the implementation of the pro-environment agriculture.In order to achieve the objective of improving the agricultural environment,the pro-environment agricultural policies should be implemented to change the farmers＇ wishes of operating environment and improving agricultural practices.Using path analysis method,this paper presents a more comprehensive research questions and hypotheses,based on the major grain-producing counties 796 sample households survey data.It draws the following conclusions：①it exists a diversification theory,not just progressive,and indirectly between informal institutions and farmers proenvironmental behavior; ②The farmers＇ free-riding behavior and suspection for companion pro-environmental behavior constitutes a social psychological of pro-environmental behavior; ③The straw burning policy,punishment and industrialization can directly affect the pro-environmental behavior,and also motivate or hinder the informal system formation.Based on this,the article proposes the following recommendations：First,it should be transparented for the information of straw utilization in order to improve farmers＇ subjective awareness and pro-environmental behavior constraints; Second,it should pay attention to the subsidy mechanism of prohibiting straw burning policies,and solve the unfavorable situation between the personal constraints and subjective constraints; Third,it should be adjusted to the informal system publicity position,which should be based more on the farmers＇ psychological distrust and suspicion; Fourth,it should improve the rate of straw burning seized and penalties to resolve farmers rider behavior; Fifth,it should promote the industrial development of straw,which is a key areas for the implementation of burning policy ban.