CAJ | 학술논문

生态补偿已成为当前国际公认的重要的生态环境保护手段之一,在世界各地得到了广泛实践,也引发了众多学者的关注.本文尝试通过全面梳理近年来发表于国外主流期刊的相关研究文献,详细述评国外关于生态补偿的概念、机制设计与效应评估等核心问题的研究进展.结果发现,首先,除了体现以激励换取生态服务这一共同点之外,国外生态补偿的概念内涵并不一致,从理论基础上看,则主要源自于科斯或庇古经济学.其次,由于理论出发点不同、技术制约以及制度与文化背景等的差异,国外不同生态补偿实践在包括参与者、补偿标准、支付条件和补偿方式在内的机制设计上也各不相同,而这些都直接导致了生态补偿效应评估上的困难,以及针对生态补偿作用的诸多争议.由此,我们认为,完善相关理论,强调异质性,将成为未来生态补偿研究需要重点面对的问题.
생태보상이성위당전국제공인적중요적생태배경보호수단지일,재세계각지득도료엄범실천,야인발료음다학자적관주.본문상시통과전면소리근년래발표우국외주류기간적상관연구문헌,상세술평국외관우생태보상적개념、궤제설계여효응평고등핵심문제적연구진전.결과발현,수선,제료체현이격려환취생태복무저일공동점지외,국외생태보상적개념내함병불일치,종이론기출상간,칙주요원자우과사혹비고경제학.기차,유우이론출발점불동、기술제약이급제도여문화배경등적차이,국외불동생태보상실천재포괄삼여자、보상표준、지부조건화보상방식재내적궤제설계상야각불상동,이저사도직접도치료생태보상효응평고상적곤난,이급침대생태보상작용적제다쟁의.유차,아문인위,완선상관이론,강조이질성,장성위미래생태보상연구수요중점면대적문제.
Nowadays,Payment for Services （PES） is internationally recognized as an important means of ecological and environmental protection,has been widely applied around the world and inspired many scholars＇ concerns.This paper tries to collect and analyze the relevant research literatures published in recent years on international mainstream journals and reviews the research progress abroad in the concept,mechanism design and effect evaluation of PES in detail.First,we find there are inconsistencies in the connotation of PES concepts except the common view providing incentives to encourage environmental services,and theoretically they are mainly based on Coasean or Pogouvian economics.Second,due to different theoretical starting point,technology deficiency,institution and cultural background heterogeneity,there are also divergences in mechanisms design of foreign PES projects,including participants,payment levels,conditions and payment method,which makes it difficult to evaluate efficiency of PES,as a result,the role of PES is being questioned widely.Therefore,we believe that the important issues in future PES research are perfecting the theoretical system and highlighting the heterogeneity.