CAJ | 학술논문

草畜平衡制度是我国草原利用和生态保护的基本制度,国家对实行草畜平衡的牧户进行生态补偿.对不同规模牧户草畜平衡差异的理论演绎分析和实证检验发现：家庭人均草场经营面积正向影响牧户草畜平衡状况;中小牧户是超载过牧的主体,承担更多的减畜任务.而现行补偿政策与牧户草原承包面积挂钩,暗含不同牧户超载过牧程度均质的前提假设,补贴因而没能向更需要补偿的中小牧户倾斜,不利于他们实现草畜平衡.弥补牧户草畜平衡的机会成本损失、协调草畜平衡保护生态和增加牧民收入的政策目标,应该摒弃补偿与草场面积挂钩的做法,转为向中小牧户倾斜的收入支持政策.而根据经营规模区别补偿牧户,本研究证实牧户人均草场经营面积由于纳入了家庭供养人口信息,比经营草场总面积对草畜平衡状况的边际解释力更大,因此,依据户人均草原经营面积进行补偿比经营草场总面积更为科学有效.实现草畜平衡的根本还在于把牧区剩余劳动力转移出去.
초축평형제도시아국초원이용화생태보호적기본제도,국가대실행초축평형적목호진행생태보상.대불동규모목호초축평형차이적이론연역분석화실증검험발현：가정인균초장경영면적정향영향목호초축평형상황;중소목호시초재과목적주체,승담경다적감축임무.이현행보상정책여목호초원승포면적괘구,암함불동목호초재과목정도균질적전제가설,보첩인이몰능향경수요보상적중소목호경사,불리우타문실현초축평형.미보목호초축평형적궤회성본손실、협조초축평형보호생태화증가목민수입적정책목표,응해병기보상여초장면적괘구적주법,전위향중소목호경사적수입지지정책.이근거경영규모구별보상목호,본연구증실목호인균초장경영면적유우납입료가정공양인구신식,비경영초장총면적대초축평형상황적변제해석력경대,인차,의거호인균초원경영면적진행보상비경영초장총면적경위과학유효.실현초축평형적근본환재우파목구잉여노동력전이출거.
＂Balance of Forage and Livestock＂ System is the basic institution of grassland utilization and restoration in China,through which government makes ecological compensation to herdsmen who implement such policy.Theory analysis and empirical test on variation of herdsmen with different scales of pastureland indicate the following findings：①Grassland area per capita of households has a positive influence on the condition of their balance of forage and livestock ; ②Herdsmen with medium or small sized pasture land are the major overgrazing groups who carry out most of task of livestock reduction.However,present compensation policy pegged to the pastureland area of households,which assumed that households in different scales were homogeneous on overgrazing.Consequently,herdsmen with medium or small sized pasture land did not get the compensation they deserve.To compensate the lost opportunity costs of the herdsmen,small or medium sized herdsmen should be targeted in reducing overgrazing.So income support policy which ought to be independent of size of pasture land should be implemented.We also confirmed that grassland area per capita of households which included the population information of family support,has a better explanatory power on ＂Balance of Forage and Livestock＂ than total grassland area of households.So policy executed based on grassland area per capita of households is more scientific and effective than in accordance with total pastureland area of the family; ③The fundamental way to balance grass and livestock lies in the transfer of surplus labor force in pasturing area.