CAJ | 학술논문

现代医疗卫生体系的建立与科学预防和治疗疾病观念的传播可以说是现代化给人类社会带来的最大福祉。人类学认为,看似简单的对疾病原因的解释和不同的就医行为,其背后是一整套的地方性知识和传统观念。所以,建医院易,改变观念难。现代医疗卫生体系如何与根深蒂固的传统疾病观和就医观相结合,从而真正改善民众的健康状况,是目前西藏所面临的严峻挑战之一。2012年7月和2013年7月,本文作者先后两次赴西藏日喀则地区南木林县艾玛乡进行人类学田野调查,对当地村民们的疾病观及就医行为进行了比较系统的调查。调查显示,在当地村民看来,现代化医疗体系与传统的疾病治疗方法并不相互抵牾、彼此冲突,可以同时采用,相互补充。这从一个侧面反映出,面对现代化,村民们并不总是处于被动应付的地位,而是自有一套主动应对的智慧。
현대의료위생체계적건립여과학예방화치료질병관념적전파가이설시현대화급인류사회대래적최대복지。인류학인위,간사간단적대질병원인적해석화불동적취의행위,기배후시일정투적지방성지식화전통관념。소이,건의원역,개변관념난。현대의료위생체계여하여근심체고적전통질병관화취의관상결합,종이진정개선민음적건강상황,시목전서장소면림적엄준도전지일。2012년7월화2013년7월,본문작자선후량차부서장일객칙지구남목림현애마향진행인류학전야조사,대당지촌민문적질병관급취의행위진행료비교계통적조사。조사현시,재당지촌민간래,현대화의료체계여전통적질병치료방법병불상호저오、피차충돌,가이동시채용,상호보충。저종일개측면반영출,면대현대화,촌민문병불총시처우피동응부적지위,이시자유일투주동응대적지혜。
The greatest benefit that human being has enjoyed from modernization is the setting up of modern medical and hygienic serving system and the popular accepting of the scientific prevention and treatment of different diseases. Although the explanation of disease causes by local people with different medical-care-seeking behaviors seems simple and unreasonable, in the views of anthropologists, it reflects local knowledge and traditional ideas about diseases and pains. Therefore, it is easier to establish hospital and clinic than changing ideas about diseases which have been deeply rooted among rural villagers. In nowadays, one of the most serious challenges that the government of Tibetan Autonomous Region has to confront is how to improve fundamentally health condition of local people based on combining modern medical and hygienic system with Tibetan traditional concepts of diseases and medical-care-seeking behaviors scientifically and effectively. Investigations conducted by the authors of this paper in July of 2012 and July of 2013 has showed local villagers don＇t think there is a intense and irreconcilable contradictions between modern medical and hygienic system and Tibetan traditional ways of treating diseases, just as some experts have argued. People in Niu village have taken it for granted that these two medical ways can co-exist and complement with each other. Tibetan villagers have owned enough wisdom to cope with challenges from modernization, positively, rather than passively.