CAJ | 학술논문

耕地保护不仅要确保耕地的数量不减少、而且要保证耕地的质量和生态功能不下降。本文综合考虑耕地的数量、质量和生态属性，采用加权求合法计算耕地的综食水平，并据此采用Jenks自然断裂点法将湖北省102个县（市、区）划分为耕地赤字区、耕地平衡区以及耕地盈余区，界定了县级层面耕地保护补偿关系。分区结果显示：全省共有56个耕地赤字区。28个耕地平衡区以及18个耕地盈余区，盈余区个数仅占总样本的18％。说明湖北省耕地资源综合水平偏低；省内耕地资源综合水平差异较大，综合水平值最高为0．2099（钟祥市），最低为0（江汉区、武昌区和黄磊港区）。平均水平为0．0838。此外。通过构建耕地资源综合水平与土地财政之间的定量关系，实行跨区域的财政转移支付，以均衡各区域的发展。研究结果表明：耕地资源综合水平每增长1个效用值，土地财政收入约减少115．811万元。结合分区结果和定量关系可知。18个受偿区中。耕地综合水平最高的钟祥市得到最高的补偿款I315．7154万元）；56个支付区中，江汉区、武昌区和黄石港区的耕地综合水平均为0，修正后三者的补偿款分别为203．5802万元、89．3710万元和135．4527万元。此外，财政转移支付行为具有一定的现实可操作性，各个县（市、区）的转移支付额占当年地方财政收入的比例较低。约为0．007％～3．374％，均在政府可承受的范围之内。研究成果能为均衡湖北省各区域的发展提供依据。对于我国耕地保护的实施也具有重要的现实意义。
경지보호불부요학보경지적수량불감소、이차요보증경지적질량화생태공능불하강。본문종합고필경지적수량、질량화생태속성，채용가권구합법계산경지적종식수평，병거차채용Jenks자연단렬점법장호북성102개현（시、구）화분위경지적자구、경지평형구이급경지영여구，계정료현급층면경지보호보상관계。분구결과현시：전성공유56개경지적자구。28개경지평형구이급18개경지영여구，영여구개수부점총양본적18％。설명호북성경지자원종합수평편저；성내경지자원종합수평차이교대，종합수평치최고위0．2099（종상시），최저위0（강한구、무창구화황뢰항구）。평균수평위0．0838。차외。통과구건경지자원종합수평여토지재정지간적정량관계，실행과구역적재정전이지부，이균형각구역적발전。연구결과표명：경지자원종합수평매증장1개효용치，토지재정수입약감소115．811만원。결합분구결과화정량관계가지。18개수상구중。경지종합수평최고적종상시득도최고적보상관I315．7154만원）；56개지부구중，강한구、무창구화황석항구적경지종합수평균위0，수정후삼자적보상관분별위203．5802만원、89．3710만원화135．4527만원。차외，재정전이지부행위구유일정적현실가조작성，각개현（시、구）적전이지부액점당년지방재정수입적비례교저。약위0．007％～3．374％，균재정부가승수적범위지내。연구성과능위균형호북성각구역적발전제공의거。대우아국경지보호적실시야구유중요적현실의의。
The target of cultivated land protection is to ensure not only the quantity but also the quality and ecological function of arable land. With considering the quantity, quality and ecological attribute of arable land, this study calculates the comprehensive level of cultivated land by employing weight sum method, and on this basis, divides 102 counties （cities, districts） of Hubei Province into the deficit area, balance area, and surplus area of cultivated land with method of Jenks natural breaks optimization, thus defining the compensation relations among counties. Zoning results in 56 counties of deficit area, 28 counties of balance area, and 18 counties of surplus area. Only 18% of counties are surplus area, which indicates that the comprehensive level of cultivated land in Hubei Province is low. And the interprovincial difference of comprehensive level of cultivated land is large, for example, Zhongxiang has the highest value of 0.209 9 ; on the contrary, Jimaghan, Wuchang and Huangshigang have the lowest value of 0. Besides, the average is 0.083 8. Furthermore, we measure the amounts of fiscal transfer payment among regions to equalize the regional development through estimating the quantitative relationship between comprehensive level of arable land and land financial revenue. The results indicate that, land financial revenue reduces 115. 811 million yuan with a unit increment of utility value. Lastly, combined with the partition result and quantitative relationship, it shows that, among the 18 repayment districts, Zhongxiang which has the highest comprehensive level of cultivated land gets the highest compensation of 315. 715 4 million yuan; among the 56 payments areas, Jianghan, Wuchang and Huangshigang which have the lowest comprehensive level about 0, need give compensation of RMB 2 035 802, 893 710 and 1 354 527, respectively. In addition, the amount of transfer payment in each county （ city, district） only accounts for a small proportion of the local government revenue, about 0.007 to 3. 374%, and all are within the governments＇ affordable range, so it is realistic to implement the transfers payment. It is concluded that cultivated land protection zones and fiscal transfer payments will provide a basis of equalizing the development of each region in Hubei Province, and have an important practical significance for the cultivated land protection in China.