CAJ | 학술논문

土地种植面积与土地生产率之间究竟存在何种关系？这一问题的答案。不仅关乎我国的粮食安全，也关乎我国农村土地政策、劳动力转移和城镇化等重大问题。农业生产深受气候条件、距离市场的远近、种植方式、土地质量、基础设拖等因素的影响，但现有的文献没有很好地控制这些因素；另有学者以欧美等大农杨的数据或者官方提供的数据为基础。来分析我国农业是否采取规模经营政策．这并不切实际。本文根据马克思主义的生产力构成要素理论和科布一道格拉斯的生产函数，建立土地种植面积与土地生产率之间关系的计量模型，然后基于我国中西部七县（市）相邻的乡镇农户调查数据。分别对整江县水稻、南县水稻和棉花、濮阳市小麦种植生产的相关数据进行回归分析，结果显示：在控制气候条件、距离市场的远近、种植方式、土地质量、基础设施等因素的前提下，土地种植面积与土地生产率之间呈现正向的关系。不同土地经营规模条件下土地种植面积对土地生产率的影响也为正值；考虑农机设备的资本投入要素后，土地种植面积与土地生产率之间依然呈现正向关系：边际效应的分析表明，农户土地经营规模的增加．不仅不会降低土地生产率。在多数情况下反而会增加土地生产率。这表明在当前家庭联产承包责任制下，鼓励和完善土地流转政策，减少零碎化经营．推动适当的规模经营，不但不会降低，反而会提高我国土地生产率和农业总产量。这一研究结论对制定土地流转的相关政策、完善农村劳动力等要素市场、鼓励农韭规模经营的发展战略和支持城镇化建设等具有很强的现实意义。
토지충식면적여토지생산솔지간구경존재하충관계？저일문제적답안。불부관호아국적양식안전，야관호아국농촌토지정책、노동력전이화성진화등중대문제。농업생산심수기후조건、거리시장적원근、충식방식、토지질량、기출설타등인소적영향，단현유적문헌몰유흔호지공제저사인소；령유학자이구미등대농양적수거혹자관방제공적수거위기출。래분석아국농업시부채취규모경영정책．저병불절실제。본문근거마극사주의적생산력구성요소이론화과포일도격랍사적생산함수，건립토지충식면적여토지생산솔지간관계적계량모형，연후기우아국중서부칠현（시）상린적향진농호조사수거。분별대정강현수도、남현수도화면화、복양시소맥충식생산적상관수거진행회귀분석，결과현시：재공제기후조건、거리시장적원근、충식방식、토지질량、기출설시등인소적전제하，토지충식면적여토지생산솔지간정현정향적관계。불동토지경영규모조건하토지충식면적대토지생산솔적영향야위정치；고필농궤설비적자본투입요소후，토지충식면적여토지생산솔지간의연정현정향관계：변제효응적분석표명，농호토지경영규모적증가．불부불회강저토지생산솔。재다수정황하반이회증가토지생산솔。저표명재당전가정련산승포책임제하，고려화완선토지류전정책，감소령쇄화경영．추동괄당적규모경영，불단불회강저，반이회제고아국토지생산솔화농업총산량。저일연구결론대제정토지류전적상관정책、완선농촌노동력등요소시장、고려농구규모경영적발전전략화지지성진화건설등구유흔강적현실의의。
What kind of relationship between the land planting area and land productivity？ The answer to this question, not only relates to the food security of our country, but also relates to the major problems of China＇ s rural land policy,labor transfer and urbanization. Agricultural production can be deeply impacted by multiple factors, such as climatic conditions, proximity to market, planting mode, the quality of land,infrastructure, and etc. However, previous research in the literature has not examined those factors from a well-balanced perspective. Some other scholars analyzed whether China should adopt the agriculture policy of scale management based on the agricultural data from Europe and the United States or directly from the Chinese Government＇ s documented data, which is usually considered unrealistic. This research adapted Karl Marx＇ s theory of the Constituent Elements of the Productive Forces and the Cobb- Douglas＇ Production Function and established the Econometric Model of the Relationship between Land Planting area and Land Productivity . The survey data from the adjacent rural farmers of China＇ s Central-Western seven counties （cities） are used for regression analysis, particularly those relevant data of the rice production of Wangjiang County, the rice and wheat production of Nan County, and the cotton production of Puyang-City. The results from this research showed that there is a positive relationship between land planting area and land productivity in the precondition of controlling climatic conditions, proximity to market, planting mode, the quality of land, infrastructure and other factors. The relationship between land planting area and land productivity is also positive in different land management scales. When the variable of capital input of agricultural equipment is controlled, the relationship between land planting area and land productivity is positive as well. Analysis of the marginal effect shows that increasing the farmers＇ scale of land management, not only will not reduce land productivity, but will increase the productivity of land in most cases. To cap, this research shows that under the current agricultural system of the Contracted Responsibilities for Households, encouraging and improving land circulation policy, reducing land fragmentation management, and promoting scale management not only will not reduce, but will improve the land productivity and the total agricultural output. The conclusion of this research has a strong practical significance for the formulating of land circulation policies, improving the factor market such as rural labor, encouraging the development strategy of agricultural scale management, and supporting the urbanization policy in China.