心理发展与教育
心理髮展與教育
심리발전여교육
Psychological Development and Education
2014年
6期
570~576
,共null页
可信度特质 情景 信任
可信度特質 情景 信任
가신도특질 정경 신임
Trustworthiness trait; Scenario; Trust
以120名4~7岁儿童为研究对象,采用改编后的对偶选择范式,探讨儿童基于两种不同的可信度特质（善良和能力）和两个与信任有关的情景进行的信任判断能力。结果显示：（1）4~7岁儿童在善良情景正确判断率都高于随机水平,而在能力情景中,仅6岁和7岁儿童的正确率显著高于随机水平;（2）6岁儿童虽然已经具备依据可信度特质和情景做出正确的信任判断的能力,但是在善意情景中的信任判断能力要好于在能力情景中的信任判断能力,而7岁儿童在能力情景和善意情景中的信任判断能力则没有显著差异;（3）同时考虑两种可信度特质和情景时,5~7岁儿童的正确率高于了随机水平,并且6、7岁儿童的正确率要显著高于5岁儿童。这些结果表明儿童到了5岁才初步发展出同时考虑可信度特质和情景进行信任判断的能力,直到7岁这一能力才相对成熟和稳定。
以120名4~7歲兒童為研究對象,採用改編後的對偶選擇範式,探討兒童基于兩種不同的可信度特質（善良和能力）和兩箇與信任有關的情景進行的信任判斷能力。結果顯示：（1）4~7歲兒童在善良情景正確判斷率都高于隨機水平,而在能力情景中,僅6歲和7歲兒童的正確率顯著高于隨機水平;（2）6歲兒童雖然已經具備依據可信度特質和情景做齣正確的信任判斷的能力,但是在善意情景中的信任判斷能力要好于在能力情景中的信任判斷能力,而7歲兒童在能力情景和善意情景中的信任判斷能力則沒有顯著差異;（3）同時攷慮兩種可信度特質和情景時,5~7歲兒童的正確率高于瞭隨機水平,併且6、7歲兒童的正確率要顯著高于5歲兒童。這些結果錶明兒童到瞭5歲纔初步髮展齣同時攷慮可信度特質和情景進行信任判斷的能力,直到7歲這一能力纔相對成熟和穩定。
이120명4~7세인동위연구대상,채용개편후적대우선택범식,탐토인동기우량충불동적가신도특질（선량화능력）화량개여신임유관적정경진행적신임판단능력。결과현시：（1）4~7세인동재선량정경정학판단솔도고우수궤수평,이재능력정경중,부6세화7세인동적정학솔현저고우수궤수평;（2）6세인동수연이경구비의거가신도특질화정경주출정학적신임판단적능력,단시재선의정경중적신임판단능력요호우재능력정경중적신임판단능력,이7세인동재능력정경화선의정경중적신임판단능력칙몰유현저차이;（3）동시고필량충가신도특질화정경시,5~7세인동적정학솔고우료수궤수평,병차6、7세인동적정학솔요현저고우5세인동。저사결과표명인동도료5세재초보발전출동시고필가신도특질화정경진행신임판단적능력,직도7세저일능력재상대성숙화은정。
The study was aimed to investigate children＇s ability to make trust judgment based on two different trustworthiness traits （benevolence and competence） and trust-related scenarios. 120 children aged 4 to 7 were included and the adapted dual choice paradigm was used in the study. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） In the scenario related to benevolence, the judgment accuracy of 4 to 7 year-old children was significantly higher than the random level. However, in the scenario related to competence, only 6-year-old and 7-year-old children＇s judgment accuracy was significantly higher than the random level; （2） Based on their understanding of trustworthiness traits and trust- related scenarios, 6-year-old children already had the ability to make the right judgment of trust. Even so, these children made better judgments in the scenario related to benevolence rather than in the scenario related to competence. However, 7-year-old children did not show significant difference in both scenarios; （3） When taking both the trustworthiness traits and scenarios into consideration, 5 to 7 year-old children＇s judgment accuracy was significantly higher than the random level. Moreover, when comparing the judgment accuracy of children of different ages, both 6-year-old children and 7-year-old children did significantly better than 5-year-old children. These results suggest that when children up to 5 years old, they begin to develop the ability of considering both the trustworthiness traits and scenarios when making trust judgment. Furthermore, this kind of ability become mature and stable when children up to 7 years old.
