CAJ | 학술논문

归有光的诗歌成就,被文名掩盖,以致有人认为他不能作诗。清初钱谦益、朱彝尊都对归诗有较高的评价。他的诗多方面地反映了倭寇入侵,关注各种社会问题,尤其忧心于世道人心之大坏,以实录之笔关怀现实,体现出与文学散文的不同旨趣。人物形象上,他更善写帝王、历史上的非凡贤臣,以及出世高人、当代英雄。他的诗往往将历史、现实、想像交融一处,具有历史的深度,诗意想像的厚度及现实批判的高度。形式上,他的诗自由不受限制,多使用仄声韵,或是平声韵转仄声韵,两句一转韵、三句一转韵,灵活多变;语言上熔经铸史、出《庄》入骚,恣肆汪洋。从渊源论,他的诗祖唐祧宋,不主一家;善发议论,用散文句式、结构,倾向于宋诗一路。在无所拘束的同时,归诗又采用冷僻字,大量使用叠字、颜色字及艳丽字,显示出锻炼的一面。
귀유광적시가성취,피문명엄개,이치유인인위타불능작시。청초전겸익、주이존도대귀시유교고적평개。타적시다방면지반영료왜구입침,관주각충사회문제,우기우심우세도인심지대배,이실록지필관부현실,체현출여문학산문적불동지취。인물형상상,타경선사제왕、역사상적비범현신,이급출세고인、당대영웅。타적시왕왕장역사、현실、상상교융일처,구유역사적심도,시의상상적후도급현실비판적고도。형식상,타적시자유불수한제,다사용측성운,혹시평성운전측성운,량구일전운、삼구일전운,령활다변;어언상용경주사、출《장》입소,자사왕양。종연원론,타적시조당조송,불주일가;선발의론,용산문구식、결구,경향우송시일로。재무소구속적동시,귀시우채용랭벽자,대량사용첩자、안색자급염려자,현시출단련적일면。
Gui Youguang＇s poetic achievement was overwhelmed by his reputation in articles so that he was thought to be incapable of writing poems.In the early Qing period,Qian Qianyi and Zhu Yizun spoke highly of his poems,which reflected foreign invasions in many aspects,cared about all social problems,especially focused on evils in the society by documentary writing to indicate the specific interest different from literary prose.As for characters,he was good at describing emperors,remarkable ministers and heroes.His poems tended to integrate history,reality and imagination into one,characterized by depth in history,thickness in imagination and height in realistic criticism.In terms of form,his poems were free of restraints.They are often Ze tonal rhyme or Ping tonal rhyme to Ze tonal rhyme.The rhyme changed flexibly in every two or three verses.His language is profound,magnificent and free.His poems inherited Tang and Song poetry.When in argumentation,his poems used the form and structure of prose,with the inclination of Song poems.When in free expression,his poems applied lots of rarely-used characters,reduplication,color words,and gorgeous words,which displayed his skillfulness.