中国工业经济
中國工業經濟
중국공업경제
China Industrial Economy
2014年
12期
130~142
,共null页
产业转移 要素空间错配 效率损失 劳动力细分
產業轉移 要素空間錯配 效率損失 勞動力細分
산업전이 요소공간착배 효솔손실 노동력세분
industrial transfer; spatial misallocation of factors; efficiency loss; labor subdivision
在平衡地区发展过程中，政府主导的产业转移与要素资源迁移速度不匹配问题普遍存在，由此导致的要素资源的空间错配造成了经济效率的损失。借鉴要素资源行业间错配的研究方法．本文引入空间维度．在将劳动力细分为高端人才和普通劳动力的基础上构建了存在要素价格扭曲的Ⅳ行业肘地区生产模型．以江苏为案例．采用1500家企业调研的一手数据，测算了目前作为产业转移主体的传统产业中资金、高端人才和普通劳动力资源的空间错配形态、程度和由此导致的产出缺口。测算结果描绘出要素资源空间错配的形态：经济先发地区供给不足，而后发地区却存在不同程度的过剩．这表明产业转移的速度滞后于要素迁移的速度．应当进一步推进产业由先发地区向后发地区的转入。测算结果还表明。高端人才错配对经济发展起到的影响超过资本及普通劳动力。根据分析，本文最后从调整产业和要素流向、创造先发地区产业转出“推力”及增强后发地区产业转入“拉力”角度提出提高经济效率的建议。经测算，纠正产业转移中要素资源的空间错配将提升不同传统产业10％至41％的产出。
在平衡地區髮展過程中，政府主導的產業轉移與要素資源遷移速度不匹配問題普遍存在，由此導緻的要素資源的空間錯配造成瞭經濟效率的損失。藉鑒要素資源行業間錯配的研究方法．本文引入空間維度．在將勞動力細分為高耑人纔和普通勞動力的基礎上構建瞭存在要素價格扭麯的Ⅳ行業肘地區生產模型．以江囌為案例．採用1500傢企業調研的一手數據，測算瞭目前作為產業轉移主體的傳統產業中資金、高耑人纔和普通勞動力資源的空間錯配形態、程度和由此導緻的產齣缺口。測算結果描繪齣要素資源空間錯配的形態：經濟先髮地區供給不足，而後髮地區卻存在不同程度的過剩．這錶明產業轉移的速度滯後于要素遷移的速度．應噹進一步推進產業由先髮地區嚮後髮地區的轉入。測算結果還錶明。高耑人纔錯配對經濟髮展起到的影響超過資本及普通勞動力。根據分析，本文最後從調整產業和要素流嚮、創造先髮地區產業轉齣“推力”及增彊後髮地區產業轉入“拉力”角度提齣提高經濟效率的建議。經測算，糾正產業轉移中要素資源的空間錯配將提升不同傳統產業10％至41％的產齣。
재평형지구발전과정중，정부주도적산업전이여요소자원천이속도불필배문제보편존재，유차도치적요소자원적공간착배조성료경제효솔적손실。차감요소자원행업간착배적연구방법．본문인입공간유도．재장노동력세분위고단인재화보통노동력적기출상구건료존재요소개격뉴곡적Ⅳ행업주지구생산모형．이강소위안례．채용1500가기업조연적일수수거，측산료목전작위산업전이주체적전통산업중자금、고단인재화보통노동력자원적공간착배형태、정도화유차도치적산출결구。측산결과묘회출요소자원공간착배적형태：경제선발지구공급불족，이후발지구각존재불동정도적과잉．저표명산업전이적속도체후우요소천이적속도．응당진일보추진산업유선발지구향후발지구적전입。측산결과환표명。고단인재착배대경제발전기도적영향초과자본급보통노동력。근거분석，본문최후종조정산업화요소류향、창조선발지구산업전출“추력”급증강후발지구산업전입“랍력”각도제출제고경제효솔적건의。경측산，규정산업전이중요소자원적공간착배장제승불동전통산업10％지41％적산출。
It is common that the speed of industrial transfer that conducted by government aiming to balance regional development cannot match the speed of resource factor movement, which leads to the spatial misallocation of factor resources and economy efficiency loss further. By introducing the spatial dimension into the calculation method used in factor misallocation research domain, we constructed a production model for N industries and M districts with price distortion under the subdivision of labor factor into talent and general labor. Using the one-hand date from 1500 enterprises of traditional industries we estimated the state and level of spatial misallocation of capital, talent and general labor respectively as well as the output gap caused by those misallocation in Jiangsu province. The results suggest： factor resources supply is insufficient in developed areas while they are excessive in developing areas, which means the transfer of industries cannot keep pace with the movement of factor resources, and government should accelerate industrial transfer. The results also suggest that the impact caused by the misallocation of talents is greater than that of capital and general labor. Based on analysis, suggestions are provided at the end, including optimizing factor and industry movement, creating ＂industry pushing force＂ in developed areas and enhancing ＂industry pulling force＂ in developed areas. According to our estimation, output can be raised by from 10% to 41% in different traditional industries through correcting misallocation.
