生态经济
生態經濟
생태경제
Ecological Economy
2015年
1期
23~30
,共null页
南方 喀斯特 生态系统 脆弱性 问题 对策
南方 喀斯特 生態繫統 脆弱性 問題 對策
남방 객사특 생태계통 취약성 문제 대책
southern; Karst; ecosystem; fragility; problems; countermeasures
中国南方喀斯特生态系统具有两个极端的景观形式，既有贵州荔波、重庆武隆等原始喀斯特生态系统，同时又存在遭受严重人为干扰的次生喀斯特生态系统。喀斯特地区受自然条件的影响和人类社会经济活动的干扰，生态系统十分脆弱，并有逐渐恶化的趋势。我国南方喀斯特生态系统的脆弱性集中体现在：土壤脆弱性、水文脆弱性、植被脆弱性、人文环境脆弱性等方面。对喀斯特生态系统利用不当将影响我国整个生态系统稳定和可持续发展。当前我国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的主要问题集中表现在：人口压力大，耕地问题，水土流失，土壤退化，石漠化，生物多样性退化，生态系统功能衰退，季节性干旱与洪涝，滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害频发，环境污染等问题。针对上述问题，采取控制人口数量、提高人口质量，保护与改良耕地，发展立体生态农业，优化产业结构与布局，划分石漠化等级、综合治理，水土流失综合防治，改善能源结构，治理环境污染，重建喀斯特生物多样性，建立灾害预警机制等对策，保证南方喀斯特生态系统的健康稳定可续发展。
中國南方喀斯特生態繫統具有兩箇極耑的景觀形式，既有貴州荔波、重慶武隆等原始喀斯特生態繫統，同時又存在遭受嚴重人為榦擾的次生喀斯特生態繫統。喀斯特地區受自然條件的影響和人類社會經濟活動的榦擾，生態繫統十分脆弱，併有逐漸噁化的趨勢。我國南方喀斯特生態繫統的脆弱性集中體現在：土壤脆弱性、水文脆弱性、植被脆弱性、人文環境脆弱性等方麵。對喀斯特生態繫統利用不噹將影響我國整箇生態繫統穩定和可持續髮展。噹前我國南方喀斯特生態繫統麵臨的主要問題集中錶現在：人口壓力大，耕地問題，水土流失，土壤退化，石漠化，生物多樣性退化，生態繫統功能衰退，季節性榦旱與洪澇，滑坡、泥石流等地質災害頻髮，環境汙染等問題。針對上述問題，採取控製人口數量、提高人口質量，保護與改良耕地，髮展立體生態農業，優化產業結構與佈跼，劃分石漠化等級、綜閤治理，水土流失綜閤防治，改善能源結構，治理環境汙染，重建喀斯特生物多樣性，建立災害預警機製等對策，保證南方喀斯特生態繫統的健康穩定可續髮展。
중국남방객사특생태계통구유량개겁단적경관형식，기유귀주려파、중경무륭등원시객사특생태계통，동시우존재조수엄중인위간우적차생객사특생태계통。객사특지구수자연조건적영향화인류사회경제활동적간우，생태계통십분취약，병유축점악화적추세。아국남방객사특생태계통적취약성집중체현재：토양취약성、수문취약성、식피취약성、인문배경취약성등방면。대객사특생태계통이용불당장영향아국정개생태계통은정화가지속발전。당전아국남방객사특생태계통면림적주요문제집중표현재：인구압력대，경지문제，수토류실，토양퇴화，석막화，생물다양성퇴화，생태계통공능쇠퇴，계절성간한여홍로，활파、니석류등지질재해빈발，배경오염등문제。침대상술문제，채취공제인구수량、제고인구질량，보호여개량경지，발전입체생태농업，우화산업결구여포국，화분석막화등급、종합치리，수토류실종합방치，개선능원결구，치리배경오염，중건객사특생물다양성，건립재해예경궤제등대책，보증남방객사특생태계통적건강은정가속발전。
There are two extreme landscape forms about ecosystems in Southern China Karst area, not only including the primary Karst ecosystems in Libo of Guizhou and Wulong of Chongqing, but the secondary Karst ecosystems suffering from serious human interference. In Karst areas affected by the disturbance from natural conditions and human social economic activities, the ecosystems are very fragile, showing the trend of gradual deteriorating. The unfavorable utilization of Karst ecosystems will influence the stability and sustainable development of ecosystems in China. At present, the main problems of ecosystems in southern China Karst are as follows： large population, cultivated land problem, soil erosion, soil degradation, rocky desertification, biodiversity degradation, hypofunction of ecosystems, seasonal drought and flood, the frequent geological disasters as landslide and mud-rock flow, as well as the air pollution problem. In view of the above questions, the following measurements should be taken： the control of the number of population and improvement of the quality, the protection and amelioration of the land, the development of stereoscopic ecological agriculture, optimization of the industrial structure and layout, the comprehensive treatment based on different rocky desertification levels, soil erosion comprehensive control, the improvement of energy structure, the management of air pollution, the reconstruction of Karst biodiversity, the establishment of the disaster warning mechanism and so on, to ensure the healthy, stable and sustainable development of ecosystems in Southern China Karst area.
