辽宁大学学报:哲学社会科学版
遼寧大學學報:哲學社會科學版
료녕대학학보:철학사회과학판
Jounal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
2014年
6期
1~8
,共null页
宋朝 救荒之政 民变(农民战争) 赈灾 抄劄
宋朝 救荒之政 民變(農民戰爭) 賑災 抄劄
송조 구황지정 민변(농민전쟁) 진재 초찰
the Song dynasty; the famine relief policies; peasant uprising; disaster relief; confiscation
纵观中国古代历史,宋朝是一个唯独没有发生全国范围农民起义的朝代。比之历朝历代,特别是经过唐末五代乱世之后建立的宋朝,社会阶级矛盾仍旧非常尖锐。然而,宋朝统治者为了长治久安,在革除唐末五代种种弊端和积极发展经济文化的同时,把救荒之政作为治国安民的首要,并采取了诸如:募饥民、流民隶军籍、宽减饥民"强盗"死罪,募富民出钱粟,赈济、赈贷和赈粜灾民的"劝分"制,以及核查赈灾户口调查登记的抄劄制等救荒政策和措施。这些救荒之举措始终贯穿着"摧抑兼并"、抑制豪强的思想和方针,并将其落实到实处。其结果就是宋代的救荒政策在中国古代史上取得了巨大进步,达到了防止农民于饥荒之时作乱或起义暨巩固其既有的统治秩序的目的,从而消弭了形成全国规模民变的可能性,没有形成一个全国性的农民战争的条件。
縱觀中國古代歷史,宋朝是一箇唯獨沒有髮生全國範圍農民起義的朝代。比之歷朝歷代,特彆是經過唐末五代亂世之後建立的宋朝,社會階級矛盾仍舊非常尖銳。然而,宋朝統治者為瞭長治久安,在革除唐末五代種種弊耑和積極髮展經濟文化的同時,把救荒之政作為治國安民的首要,併採取瞭諸如:募饑民、流民隸軍籍、寬減饑民"彊盜"死罪,募富民齣錢粟,賑濟、賑貸和賑糶災民的"勸分"製,以及覈查賑災戶口調查登記的抄劄製等救荒政策和措施。這些救荒之舉措始終貫穿著"摧抑兼併"、抑製豪彊的思想和方針,併將其落實到實處。其結果就是宋代的救荒政策在中國古代史上取得瞭巨大進步,達到瞭防止農民于饑荒之時作亂或起義暨鞏固其既有的統治秩序的目的,從而消弭瞭形成全國規模民變的可能性,沒有形成一箇全國性的農民戰爭的條件。
종관중국고대역사,송조시일개유독몰유발생전국범위농민기의적조대。비지력조역대,특별시경과당말오대난세지후건립적송조,사회계급모순잉구비상첨예。연이,송조통치자위료장치구안,재혁제당말오대충충폐단화적겁발전경제문화적동시,파구황지정작위치국안민적수요,병채취료제여:모기민、류민대군적、관감기민"강도"사죄,모부민출전속,진제、진대화진조재민적"권분"제,이급핵사진재호구조사등기적초찰제등구황정책화조시。저사구황지거조시종관천착"최억겸병"、억제호강적사상화방침,병장기락실도실처。기결과취시송대적구황정책재중국고대사상취득료거대진보,체도료방지농민우기황지시작란혹기의기공고기기유적통치질서적목적,종이소미료형성전국규모민변적가능성,몰유형성일개전국성적농민전쟁적조건。
Throughout the ancient Chinese history, the Song dynasty is the only period during which there was no nationwide peasant rebellion. Compared with that of other dynasties, the class conflict in the Song dynasty was still particularly serious, especially when it was established after the tumultuous times of the late Tang and Five Dynasties. However, for the sake of social stability, Song rulers got rid of all malpractice of the late Tang dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and developed economy and culture. They gave priority to famine relief policies, taking such measures as recruiting the hungry and raising relief fund.Those policies consistently attached importance to the restriction of merger. As a result, the famine relief policies in the Song dynasty prevented farmers from rebelling in the time of famine, consolidating social order.