CAJ | 학술논문

本文采用CHNS2000--2009年的个人数据，利用A—F多维贫困测量方法估计中国9省的劳动者在收入、健康、教育、医疗保险四个维度的多维贫困，对比分析农民工和城市劳动者多维贫困的状况。引入市场化指数这一制度变量解释农民工和城市劳动者多维贫困的变化。研究发现市场化是农民工多维贫困状况改善的重要原因。为了进一步分析农民工多维贫困内部各维度的变化，利用Heckman两步法分别估计农民工和城市劳动者的教育对收入回报的截面变动趋势，并采用个体面板数据估计、比较农民工和城市劳动者十年间的总体教育回报状况。研究发现：农民工的多维贫困状况较全国水平和城市劳动者均严重。收入与教育维度的贫困对农民工多维贫困的贡献率较高，尤其是教育维度的贡献率更高且呈现上升趋势。农民工的教育回报低于城市劳动者，近年来两个群体之间教育回报的差距呈拉大趋势。在教育回报较低的情况下，农民工的理性选择是减少教育的投入。在中国经济转型升级背景下，教育投入动力不足将不利于农民工人力资本的积累，容易回到多维贫困，难以真正融入城市。
본문채용CHNS2000--2009년적개인수거，이용A—F다유빈곤측량방법고계중국9성적노동자재수입、건강、교육、의료보험사개유도적다유빈곤，대비분석농민공화성시노동자다유빈곤적상황。인입시장화지수저일제도변량해석농민공화성시노동자다유빈곤적변화。연구발현시장화시농민공다유빈곤상황개선적중요원인。위료진일보분석농민공다유빈곤내부각유도적변화，이용Heckman량보법분별고계농민공화성시노동자적교육대수입회보적절면변동추세，병채용개체면판수거고계、비교농민공화성시노동자십년간적총체교육회보상황。연구발현：농민공적다유빈곤상황교전국수평화성시노동자균엄중。수입여교육유도적빈곤대농민공다유빈곤적공헌솔교고，우기시교육유도적공헌솔경고차정현상승추세。농민공적교육회보저우성시노동자，근년래량개군체지간교육회보적차거정랍대추세。재교육회보교저적정황하，농민공적이성선택시감소교육적투입。재중국경제전형승급배경하，교육투입동력불족장불리우농민공인력자본적적루，용역회도다유빈곤，난이진정융입성시。
This paper, using the data of CHNS 2000--2009, explores the multidimensional poverty of laborers, which is income, health, education, medical care in 9 Chinese provinces. Furthermore, we comparatively analyze the situation of multi-dimensional poverty for rural migrant workers and urban local laborers. The authors highlight marketization and use the process of marketization to explain the decline of workers＇ multi-dimensional poverty. The authors evaluate the trends of returns to education for both rural migrant workers and urban local laborers using the Heckman two-step econometric method, and then compare the total returns to education for the above two cohorts during the latest one decade. This research indicates that the situation of rural migrant workers＇ multidimensional poverty is more serious than that of both the average laborers and urban local ones. The poverty of income and education contributes to migrant workers＇ multidimensional poverty; in particular, education contributes increasingly more to the poverty. Rural migrant workers＇ returns to education are lower than that of urban local laborers. In recent years, the gap of returns to education between the two cohorts is increasing. In terms of lower returns of education, rural migrant workers＇ rational choice is to reduce education inputs for themselves, and the lack of incentive to education inputs is disadvantaged to accumulation of their human capital. Facing transformation and upgrade of Chinese economy, rural migrant workers＇ multidimensional poverty are worsened, which are likely to impede migrants＇ agglomeration into cities.