史学集刊
史學集刊
사학집간
Collected Papers of History Studies
2015年
1期
52~61
,共null页
汴京元素 北京 文明传承 宋朝
汴京元素 北京 文明傳承 宋朝
변경원소 북경 문명전승 송조
elements of Bianjing （汴京） ; Beijing; cultural heritage; Song Dynasty
金国对宋朝的经济文化崇敬有加,竭力仿照东京建造其京城。朝廷的刻意效仿和汴京遗民的有意怀旧,很快把燕京改造成又一座汴京。完颜亮迁都燕京后,不计代价地按照汴京建制打造金碧辉煌的中都。元大都虽说是另起炉灶,但汴京的血缘仍被传承,如宫殿建筑的形制模仿宋金两朝宫阙制度,城市的总体规划继承了北宋以来的传统。北京金水河上的周桥,实为汴京州桥的讹称。明朝标榜自己继承的是宋代江山,多以宋朝为榜样。明清时期的北京民俗中,有着浓郁的汴京元素。琼华岛上的假山至少在元朝即名万岁山,又名艮岳,与宋徽宗建造的假山初名万岁山、后名艮岳完全相同,其花石主要来自于北宋开封的艮岳。金、元、明、清四代的都城——北京不同程度地继承了北宋东京的方方面面,是中华文明传承的表现,是汴京元素对中国城市史尤其是都城史的贡献。学界应重视城市尤其是都城在文明传播中的重要作用。
金國對宋朝的經濟文化崇敬有加,竭力倣照東京建造其京城。朝廷的刻意效倣和汴京遺民的有意懷舊,很快把燕京改造成又一座汴京。完顏亮遷都燕京後,不計代價地按照汴京建製打造金碧輝煌的中都。元大都雖說是另起爐竈,但汴京的血緣仍被傳承,如宮殿建築的形製模倣宋金兩朝宮闕製度,城市的總體規劃繼承瞭北宋以來的傳統。北京金水河上的週橋,實為汴京州橋的訛稱。明朝標榜自己繼承的是宋代江山,多以宋朝為榜樣。明清時期的北京民俗中,有著濃鬱的汴京元素。瓊華島上的假山至少在元朝即名萬歲山,又名艮嶽,與宋徽宗建造的假山初名萬歲山、後名艮嶽完全相同,其花石主要來自于北宋開封的艮嶽。金、元、明、清四代的都城——北京不同程度地繼承瞭北宋東京的方方麵麵,是中華文明傳承的錶現,是汴京元素對中國城市史尤其是都城史的貢獻。學界應重視城市尤其是都城在文明傳播中的重要作用。
금국대송조적경제문화숭경유가,갈력방조동경건조기경성。조정적각의효방화변경유민적유의부구,흔쾌파연경개조성우일좌변경。완안량천도연경후,불계대개지안조변경건제타조금벽휘황적중도。원대도수설시령기로조,단변경적혈연잉피전승,여궁전건축적형제모방송금량조궁궐제도,성시적총체규화계승료북송이래적전통。북경금수하상적주교,실위변경주교적와칭。명조표방자기계승적시송대강산,다이송조위방양。명청시기적북경민속중,유착농욱적변경원소。경화도상적가산지소재원조즉명만세산,우명간악,여송휘종건조적가산초명만세산、후명간악완전상동,기화석주요래자우북송개봉적간악。금、원、명、청사대적도성——북경불동정도지계승료북송동경적방방면면,시중화문명전승적표현,시변경원소대중국성시사우기시도성사적공헌。학계응중시성시우기시도성재문명전파중적중요작용。
People in Jin Dynasty venerated highly the economy and culture of Song Dynasty and endeavored to build their capital imitating the shape and structure of Bianjing （汴京, today＇s Kaifeng） . Yanjing （ 燕京, today＇s Beijing） has been transformed into another Bianjing because of the deliberate emulate of the imperial court of Jin and the intentional nostalgic of adherents of Song Dynasty. After Emperor Wanyanliang （完颜亮） moved the capital to Yanjing, he created it at all costs according to Banjing＇s structure. The comprehensive planning of Yanjing inherited the traditions since Northern Song Dynasty, for example, the shape of palace architecture imitated the imperial palace system of both Song and Jin Dynasty. People of Ming Dynasty even said they inherited the country of Song Dynasty. The folk customs during Ming and Qing Dynasties contained rich elements of Bianjing. The artificial hill on Qionghua （琼华） Island had been named long live mountain at least in Yuan Dynasty, it was also named Gen Yue （ 艮岳）, exactly the same name with the rockery which constructed during the period of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. Beijing which is the capital of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing means that the elements of Bianjing Dynasties inherited many things from Bianjing to varying degree, which contributed a lot to Chinese urban history especially capital history.
