CAJ | 학술논문

明代女真部族社会中,广泛存在“两头政长”制,即一部之中同时存在着两位权力基本相等的首领。明前期女真社会中的“两头政长”制套上了明代卫所制的光环,常表现为女真卫所中有两位主要官员。明后期则多表现为一部之中有两王（贝勒）。“两头政长”多是由同一家族的男性成员担任,且其大多“分部别居”。“两头政长”制的存在便于部族迁徙和分族;其明显的军事色彩,适应女真社会战争频繁的状况。同时,“两头政长”制是一种特殊的世袭制度。明代女真的“两头政长”制随着后金国家的建立、君主集权的不断发展而逐渐衰亡。
명대녀진부족사회중,엄범존재“량두정장”제,즉일부지중동시존재착량위권력기본상등적수령。명전기녀진사회중적“량두정장”제투상료명대위소제적광배,상표현위녀진위소중유량위주요관원。명후기칙다표현위일부지중유량왕（패륵）。“량두정장”다시유동일가족적남성성원담임,차기대다“분부별거”。“량두정장”제적존재편우부족천사화분족;기명현적군사색채,괄응녀진사회전쟁빈번적상황。동시,“량두정장”제시일충특수적세습제도。명대녀진적“량두정장”제수착후금국가적건립、군주집권적불단발전이축점쇠망。
The system of two - chief - juxtaposing that means one tribe has two chiefs synchronously exists widely in Jurchen clan -tribe. In early Ming Dynasty, the two - chief -juxtaposing system is characteristics of Weisuo （卫所） system which is a special kind of military garrison and rank system in ancient China,there are two leading officials at one Jurchen weisuo. In late Ming Dynasty, there are usually two kings in one Jurchen tribe. In this system, the two chiefs are mostly held by the male members of the same family, meanwhile the two chiefs often led their own subordinates and lived in different area. The system facilitates the migration and family splitting of tribes and adapts to the Jurchen society in which wars are frequent. In addition, the two -chief- juxtaposing system is a special kind of hereditary system, it gradually declined with the establishment of Later Jin Dynasty and the develooment of centralized monarchy.