CAJ | 학술논문

大量实验研究显示，成瘾患者、多动症患者和病态赌博者在决策中表现出冲动偏好。目前研究冲动性决策偏好的经典实验范式是延迟折扣任务。通过延迟折扣任务，心理学家揭示了冲动性决策偏好的神经机制并构建了多种理论，包括单一系统评价理论、双系统评价理论、自我控制理论和自我参照加工理论。基于这些理论，已经发展出了多种降低决策冲动性的方法，包括想象未来具体事件、工作记忆训练、预先承诺以及提高血液中葡萄糖水平，其背后的神经机制是通过认知控制和价值表征理论来实现的。未来研究方向需集中于价值计算、价值系统和多体素模式分析（MVPA）在改善决策冲动性以及内在机制研究上的应用。
대량실험연구현시，성은환자、다동증환자화병태도박자재결책중표현출충동편호。목전연구충동성결책편호적경전실험범식시연지절구임무。통과연지절구임무，심이학가게시료충동성결책편호적신경궤제병구건료다충이론，포괄단일계통평개이론、쌍계통평개이론、자아공제이론화자아삼조가공이론。기우저사이론，이경발전출료다충강저결책충동성적방법，포괄상상미래구체사건、공작기억훈련、예선승낙이급제고혈액중포도당수평，기배후적신경궤제시통과인지공제화개치표정이론래실현적。미래연구방향수집중우개치계산、개치계통화다체소모식분석（MVPA）재개선결책충동성이급내재궤제연구상적응용。
A large number of studies have shown that patient including addiction, ADHD, and pathological gamblers arz more likely to make impulsive decisions. At present, the experimental paradigm used to investigate decision-making impulsivity is the delay discounting task in which participants should choose from either a small and sooner reward or a larger and later reward. With this task, psychologists have explored the neural mechanism of impulsivity in decision-making and proposed several theories including the single-waluation system theory, dual-valuation system theory, self-control theory and self-referential processing theory. Based on these theories, a variety of methods have been developed to reduce the impulsivity ：in decision making, including episodic future thinking, pre-commitment, improving the ability of working raemory, and increasing the blood glucose levels. The neural basis of reducing the impulsivity of decision-malting was generalized by the cognitive-control theory and value-representation theory. Finally, we proposed future research directions and implications of value computation, value system and multi-voxel pattern analysis in the domain of decision-making.