旅游学刊
旅遊學刊
여유학간
Tourism Tribune
2015年
1期
92~101
,共null页
国际旅游消费者 紧急救助 旅游消费者保护公约
國際旅遊消費者 緊急救助 旅遊消費者保護公約
국제여유소비자 긴급구조 여유소비자보호공약
international tourists; emergency rescue; tourist protection convention
国际旅游产业蓬勃发展,但危及旅游消费者人身安全的紧急事件频频发生。如何确保国际旅游消费者在紧急情况下的人身安全成为焦点问题。然而,现有关于紧急情况下国际旅游消费者保护的国内和国际法律舰制还基本处于空白状态。为此,世界旅游组织新起草了《旅游消费者和旅游服务提供者保护公约(草案三)》(简称“草案三”)。“草案三”专门规定了缔约国以及旅游组织者和旅游住宿服务提供者等救助在紧急情况下的国际旅游消费者、通知客源国并与其保持密切协作等方面的义务。中国现有法律规范对国际旅游消费者的保护作了初步规定,但是如何在紧急情况下对其进行保护还存在诸多不足。因此,中国应该完善国内相关立法,积极参与相关公约的起草,推动有关国际旅游消费者保护的法律制度与国际规制的接轨。
國際旅遊產業蓬勃髮展,但危及旅遊消費者人身安全的緊急事件頻頻髮生。如何確保國際旅遊消費者在緊急情況下的人身安全成為焦點問題。然而,現有關于緊急情況下國際旅遊消費者保護的國內和國際法律艦製還基本處于空白狀態。為此,世界旅遊組織新起草瞭《旅遊消費者和旅遊服務提供者保護公約(草案三)》(簡稱“草案三”)。“草案三”專門規定瞭締約國以及旅遊組織者和旅遊住宿服務提供者等救助在緊急情況下的國際旅遊消費者、通知客源國併與其保持密切協作等方麵的義務。中國現有法律規範對國際旅遊消費者的保護作瞭初步規定,但是如何在緊急情況下對其進行保護還存在諸多不足。因此,中國應該完善國內相關立法,積極參與相關公約的起草,推動有關國際旅遊消費者保護的法律製度與國際規製的接軌。
국제여유산업봉발발전,단위급여유소비자인신안전적긴급사건빈빈발생。여하학보국제여유소비자재긴급정황하적인신안전성위초점문제。연이,현유관우긴급정황하국제여유소비자보호적국내화국제법률함제환기본처우공백상태。위차,세계여유조직신기초료《여유소비자화여유복무제공자보호공약(초안삼)》(간칭“초안삼”)。“초안삼”전문규정료체약국이급여유조직자화여유주숙복무제공자등구조재긴급정황하적국제여유소비자、통지객원국병여기보지밀절협작등방면적의무。중국현유법률규범대국제여유소비자적보호작료초보규정,단시여하재긴급정황하대기진행보호환존재제다불족。인차,중국응해완선국내상관입법,적겁삼여상관공약적기초,추동유관국제여유소비자보호적법률제도여국제규제적접궤。
With the booming of international tourism industry throughout the whole world, and the increasing of various types of life-threatening emergencies in cross-border travelling activities, the protection of international tourists in emergency has recently become the top priority of all the issues about tourism. However, the issue of the protection of international tourists in emergency did not attract much attention of legislators in the past few years. Therefore, it is found that the protection of international tourists in emergency is rarely covered by both domestic and international regulations. Delightfully, several intemational organizations, especially like UNWTO, have taken the lead to embark on drafting conventions in this regard in recent two years and made great achievements. It is firmly believed that those draft conventions will play a crucial role in making up for this legal loophole in the near future. Therefore, this article aims to discuss and analyze those relevant draft conventions, so as to give suggestions to improve themselves and China' s domestic regulations, and encourage further researches on this theme as well. This article firstly discusses the definitions of international tourists and the emergency in tourism and then analyzes the legal protection of international tourists in emergency at national and international levels. After that, this article focuses on the draft convention made by UNWTO, Draft Convention on the Protection of Tourists and Tourism Service Providers (the Third Version), which is made especially for the protection of international tourists in emergency. To be specific, this draft convention regulates the assistance obligation of the States Parties in case of emergency, including the host country shall assist the tourists and facilitate the satisfaction of tourists' primary and basic needs and provide the country of origin of the tourists with relevant information. Moreover, the tourists' country of origin shall cooperate with the host country concerning facilitating necessary operational measures and the repatriation of the tourists, etc. But there are many problems that this draft convention has not solved. For example, it does not regulate the cooperative mechanism among States Parties; it does not clearly regulate the assistance obligation of the States Parties in protecting the international tourists uncovered by the travel package; it does not regulate the payment for the rescue of international tourists and relevant liability schemes in this regard. Besides, this article introduces and analyzes China's domestic legislative system on the protection of international tourists in emergency. And many problems are also spotted in several aspects, including the legal protection of tourists beyond travel package, the cooperative mechanism of different responsible departments, the payment for the rescue, and the international coordination and cooperation system. Accordingly, suggestions for China are as followings: expanding the scope of legally protected travel package to self-service or semi-self-service tours, establishing a central authority to coordinate the rescue and assistance work, combing the governmental assistance with professional assistance, and actively participating in drafting conventions on protecting international tourists and keeping up with international legal systems on tourists protection in emergency.