CAJ | 학술논문

本文基于在北京的一次针对新闻从业者的问卷调查和赴云南、山东两地对媒体、企业的调研数据撰写而成。本文认为在当下中国,记者的职业地位在社会中显著下降。下降的原因是多方面的,而其中的一个重要的原因是记者“自我认同”的贬斥与“社会认同”的错位。即记者的“自我认同”从“无冕之王”滑向了“新闻民工”;记者的“社会认同”总在“舆论监督者”、“客观记录者”、“宣传者”、“社会建设参与者”的角色中纠结与调和。记者们趋向于将自身定位为“舆论监督者”、“客观记录者”,而官方趋向于将记者定位为“宣传者”,部分企业家和民众又趋向于将记者定位为“社会建设的参与者”,后两者的定位都与其“自我认同”发生严重的错位。这导致了记者职业神圣感的丧失、职业伦理的下滑等一系列问题,这些问题又反过来加速了记者职业地位的下滑,形成一个恶性循环。
본문기우재북경적일차침대신문종업자적문권조사화부운남、산동량지대매체、기업적조연수거찬사이성。본문인위재당하중국,기자적직업지위재사회중현저하강。하강적원인시다방면적,이기중적일개중요적원인시기자“자아인동”적폄척여“사회인동”적착위。즉기자적“자아인동”종“무면지왕”활향료“신문민공”;기자적“사회인동”총재“여론감독자”、“객관기록자”、“선전자”、“사회건설삼여자”적각색중규결여조화。기자문추향우장자신정위위“여론감독자”、“객관기록자”,이관방추향우장기자정위위“선전자”,부분기업가화민음우추향우장기자정위위“사회건설적삼여자”,후량자적정위도여기“자아인동”발생엄중적착위。저도치료기자직업신골감적상실、직업윤리적하활등일계렬문제,저사문제우반과래가속료기자직업지위적하활,형성일개악성순배。
This paper is based on the results of a questionnaire survey targeted at journalists in Beijing, as well as the survey data obtained from the field trip to media and enterprises in Yunnan Province and Shandong Province. The paper suggests that the occupational status of journalists in China has dropped significantly at present. There are a variety of reasons for the decline in status, and one of them is the depreciation of journalists＇ self- identification along with the mismatch in social-identification. The self-identification of journalists has seen a drop from ＂uncrowned kings＂ to ＂news labor＂, and the social- identification of journalist is always entangled and compromised among several characters, including ＂public opinion supervisors＂, ＂objective recorders＂, ＂propagators＂ and ＂participants in social construction＂. Journalists tend to position themselves as ＂public opinion supervisors＂ and ＂objective recorders＂, while officials tend to position them as ＂propagators＂, and some entrepreneurs and the public tend to position them as ＂participants in social construction＂. The latter two positions of journalist are seriously mismatched with the self-identification of journalists. This mismatch results in a series of problems such as the loss of journalists＇ professional sacredness and the decline in professional ethics, and these problems in turn accelerate the drop of the occupational status of journalists, which sets up a vicious cycle.