CAJ | 학술논문

贫困问题研究有制度主义和文化解析两种取向。制度主义强调，贫困并非是社会成员的个人问题，消除贫困最重要的是制度创新发展。制度是一个社会行动的规则，其中，范式嵌入（理论观点）、理念转型（执政纲领）、规则内容（社会政策）是制度分析不可缺少的内容元素。采用制度主义取向分析中国的社会救助政策创新发展轨迹，主要包含三个基本制度要素的研究：研究的理论范式、政策依托的理念、政策的内容结构。中国改革开放后政府执政理念有三大阶段，即从经济建设为中心阶段发展到社会主义市场体制阶段，再转型到重视民生为本的社会建设阶段。社会救助政策嵌入民生为本的社会建设后有多个创新：构建了贫困群众基本生活保障、专项救助和临时救助结合，法律、政策和实施细则结合，补救与预防结合的多元多层社会救助政策体系；社会救助通过资金、物资、服务、机会等多元福利提供形式帮助贫困者解决问题。
빈곤문제연구유제도주의화문화해석량충취향。제도주의강조，빈곤병비시사회성원적개인문제，소제빈곤최중요적시제도창신발전。제도시일개사회행동적규칙，기중，범식감입（이론관점）、이념전형（집정강령）、규칙내용（사회정책）시제도분석불가결소적내용원소。채용제도주의취향분석중국적사회구조정책창신발전궤적，주요포함삼개기본제도요소적연구：연구적이론범식、정책의탁적이념、정책적내용결구。중국개혁개방후정부집정이념유삼대계단，즉종경제건설위중심계단발전도사회주의시장체제계단，재전형도중시민생위본적사회건설계단。사회구조정책감입민생위본적사회건설후유다개창신：구건료빈곤군음기본생활보장、전항구조화림시구조결합，법률、정책화실시세칙결합，보구여예방결합적다원다층사회구조정책체계；사회구조통과자금、물자、복무、궤회등다원복리제공형식방조빈곤자해결문제。
The research on the problem of poverty has two kinds of approaches： institutional approach and cultural approach. Institutionalism emphasizes that poverty is not the individual reasons of members in a society, so that, institutional reform is the most important for eliminating poverty. Three key institutional elements are included in the study of Chinese social assistance policy （CSAP） innovation development path by institutional approach： the institutionalism theory of CSAPs embedded; ideology target by CSAPs based on , the content structure of CSAPs. There are three stages of China ideology target： from the stage of economic construction as the center to the stage of the socialist market system, and then transition to pay attention to the stage of the social construction based on livelihood of the people. The social construction of the corresponding with the three stages of development, namely the stage of economic construction the neglect of social construction, the transition to the stage of three- in-one construction, and then transformation to the stage of five-in-one construction. After CSAPs had been embedded social construction, they are developing rapidly. The government has constructed the help poor people basic life safeguard, special assistance policies and temporary assistance policies.