法学论坛
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법학론단
Legal Forum
2015年
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管辖错误 无异议管辖 应诉管辖 应诉答辩管辖
管轄錯誤 無異議管轄 應訴管轄 應訴答辯管轄
관할착오 무이의관할 응소관할 응소답변관할
jurisdictional error; the non- objection mechanism of Jurisdiction;the pleading mechanism of jurisdiction; the plea-ding and defense mechanism of jurisdiction
对法院未发现且当事人未提出管辖异议的隐性管辖错误案件，我国现有立法是通过应诉答辩管辖制度来解决的。但由于管辖异议期间在时间上具有确定性，而应诉、答辩的内涵及期间则具有不确定性，两者之间不能无缝衔接，法院管辖权在成立应诉答辩管辖之前处于事实上的不确定状态，影响了已进行程序的正当性与安定性。鉴于此，立法应当更进一步，直接设立无异议管辖制度，明确规定法院在未发现管辖错误且当事人未依法提出管辖异议的情况下，法院即取得案件的管辖权，变隐性管辖错误为诉讼程序上的合法、正当管辖。
對法院未髮現且噹事人未提齣管轄異議的隱性管轄錯誤案件，我國現有立法是通過應訴答辯管轄製度來解決的。但由于管轄異議期間在時間上具有確定性，而應訴、答辯的內涵及期間則具有不確定性，兩者之間不能無縫銜接，法院管轄權在成立應訴答辯管轄之前處于事實上的不確定狀態，影響瞭已進行程序的正噹性與安定性。鑒于此，立法應噹更進一步，直接設立無異議管轄製度，明確規定法院在未髮現管轄錯誤且噹事人未依法提齣管轄異議的情況下，法院即取得案件的管轄權，變隱性管轄錯誤為訴訟程序上的閤法、正噹管轄。
대법원미발현차당사인미제출관할이의적은성관할착오안건，아국현유입법시통과응소답변관할제도래해결적。단유우관할이의기간재시간상구유학정성，이응소、답변적내함급기간칙구유불학정성，량자지간불능무봉함접，법원관할권재성립응소답변관할지전처우사실상적불학정상태，영향료이진행정서적정당성여안정성。감우차，입법응당경진일보，직접설립무이의관할제도，명학규정법원재미발현관할착오차당사인미의법제출관할이의적정황하，법원즉취득안건적관할권，변은성관할착오위소송정서상적합법、정당관할。
Potential jurisdictional errors, which neither recognized by the court, nor challenged by the parties, are settled by the pleading and defense mechanism according to the current legislation. However, the conflict between the certainty of the objection period and the uncertainty of the pleading＇s meaning and period, would leave the jurisdiction undefined until the pleading mecha- nism is satisfied, thus undermine the legitimacy and stability of the procedure. Therefore, our legislation should take a step fur- ther and establish the non - objection mechanism, to justify the jurisdiction when both the court and the parties fail to raise an ob- jection.
